Earth's Atmosphere
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Questions and Answers

At what height above the Earth's surface does the atmosphere extend to?

  • 5000 km
  • 1000 km
  • 100 km
  • 500 km (correct)
  • What is the primary source of molecular oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere?

  • Photosynthesis in blue-green bacteria, algae, and green plants (correct)
  • Volcanic emissions
  • Water vapor concentrations
  • Atmospheric aerosols
  • What is the main component of clean, dry air?

  • Carbon and sulfur
  • Hydrogen and helium
  • Oxygen and helium
  • Nitrogen and oxygen (correct)
  • What was the likely composition of the Earth's earliest atmosphere?

    <p>Mainly lightweight hydrogen and helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of atmospheric aerosols?

    <p>Capturing, distributing, or reflecting energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ecosystem services is NOT provided by the atmosphere?

    <p>Produces molecular oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ozone in the stratosphere?

    <p>To absorb certain wavelengths of ultraviolet solar radiation, known as UV-B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ozone a pollutant near the earth's surface?

    <p>Because it damages living tissues, causing skin cancer and genetic mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in composition between the stratosphere and the troposphere?

    <p>The stratosphere has nearly 1,000 times more ozone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the target year for the phase-out of methyl chloroform in developed countries?

    <p>2005</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer?

    <p>To reduce the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of UV-B radiation on living tissues?

    <p>It damages living tissues, causing skin cancer and genetic mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the Copenhagen Amendment on the phase-out of ODSs?

    <p>It significantly accelerated the phase-out of ODSs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Kigali Amendment?

    <p>To extend controls to phase down the production and consumption of HFCs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol?

    <p>The complete phase-out of CFCs, halons, and carbon tetrachloride by 2000 in developed countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the cap set on the consumption of methyl bromide?

    <p>1991 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substances were used as pesticides and deplete stratospheric ozone?

    <p>Bromine compounds and chlorofluorocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of bromochloromethane in the context of ozone depletion?

    <p>It was added to the list of controlled substances with phase-out targeted for 2004.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the result of the natural carbon cycle?

    <p>93%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere?

    <p>Natural sources as part of the sulfur cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

    <p>Nitrous oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of nitrogen and oxygen gas in air reacting at high combustion temperatures?

    <p>Nitric oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for nitrogen oxides and nitric acid?

    <p>NOX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of carbon monoxide?

    <p>Motor vehicle exhaust, burning of forests and grasslands, tobacco smoke, and open fires and inefficient stoves used for cooking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of human-generated pollutants?

    <p>Burning of fossil fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the type of smog resulting from burning coal?

    <p>Gray-air smog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of photochemical smog formation in urban areas?

    <p>Morning commuter traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the type of smog resulting from the interaction of sunlight and vehicle exhaust?

    <p>Photochemical smog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern associated with acid deposition?

    <p>Regional air pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of pollutants being deposited on the earth's surface?

    <p>Acid deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

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