Earth's Atmosphere

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Questions and Answers

At what height above the Earth's surface does the atmosphere extend to?

  • 5000 km
  • 1000 km
  • 100 km
  • 500 km (correct)

What is the primary source of molecular oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere?

  • Photosynthesis in blue-green bacteria, algae, and green plants (correct)
  • Volcanic emissions
  • Water vapor concentrations
  • Atmospheric aerosols

What is the main component of clean, dry air?

  • Carbon and sulfur
  • Hydrogen and helium
  • Oxygen and helium
  • Nitrogen and oxygen (correct)

What was the likely composition of the Earth's earliest atmosphere?

<p>Mainly lightweight hydrogen and helium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of atmospheric aerosols?

<p>Capturing, distributing, or reflecting energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ecosystem services is NOT provided by the atmosphere?

<p>Produces molecular oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ozone in the stratosphere?

<p>To absorb certain wavelengths of ultraviolet solar radiation, known as UV-B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is ozone a pollutant near the earth's surface?

<p>Because it damages living tissues, causing skin cancer and genetic mutations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in composition between the stratosphere and the troposphere?

<p>The stratosphere has nearly 1,000 times more ozone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the target year for the phase-out of methyl chloroform in developed countries?

<p>2005 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer?

<p>To reduce the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of UV-B radiation on living tissues?

<p>It damages living tissues, causing skin cancer and genetic mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Copenhagen Amendment on the phase-out of ODSs?

<p>It significantly accelerated the phase-out of ODSs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Kigali Amendment?

<p>To extend controls to phase down the production and consumption of HFCs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol?

<p>The complete phase-out of CFCs, halons, and carbon tetrachloride by 2000 in developed countries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the cap set on the consumption of methyl bromide?

<p>1991 levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substances were used as pesticides and deplete stratospheric ozone?

<p>Bromine compounds and chlorofluorocarbons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of bromochloromethane in the context of ozone depletion?

<p>It was added to the list of controlled substances with phase-out targeted for 2004. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the result of the natural carbon cycle?

<p>93% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere?

<p>Natural sources as part of the sulfur cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

<p>Nitrous oxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of nitrogen and oxygen gas in air reacting at high combustion temperatures?

<p>Nitric oxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for nitrogen oxides and nitric acid?

<p>NOX (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of carbon monoxide?

<p>Motor vehicle exhaust, burning of forests and grasslands, tobacco smoke, and open fires and inefficient stoves used for cooking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of human-generated pollutants?

<p>Burning of fossil fuels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the type of smog resulting from burning coal?

<p>Gray-air smog (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of photochemical smog formation in urban areas?

<p>Morning commuter traffic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the type of smog resulting from the interaction of sunlight and vehicle exhaust?

<p>Photochemical smog (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern associated with acid deposition?

<p>Regional air pollution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of pollutants being deposited on the earth's surface?

<p>Acid deposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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