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Questions and Answers
What is the primary effect of stress on rock?
What is the primary effect of stress on rock?
- It causes the rock to melt.
- It creates a fault in the rock.
- It changes the rock's shape or volume. (correct)
- It increases the temperature of the rock.
Which type of stress is characterized by squeezing rock until it folds or breaks?
Which type of stress is characterized by squeezing rock until it folds or breaks?
- Dilation
- Tension
- Shearing
- Compression (correct)
What distinguishes aa lava from pahoehoe lava?
What distinguishes aa lava from pahoehoe lava?
- Pahoehoe lava is found only at shield volcanoes.
- Aa lava is hotter and moves faster than pahoehoe.
- Pahoehoe lava dries rough, while aa lava dries smooth.
- Aa lava moves slower and dries rough compared to pahoehoe lava. (correct)
Where do most volcanoes commonly form?
Where do most volcanoes commonly form?
Which term describes a massive wave generated by an underwater earthquake?
Which term describes a massive wave generated by an underwater earthquake?
What occurs at the focus of an earthquake?
What occurs at the focus of an earthquake?
What is the primary characteristic of a shield volcano?
What is the primary characteristic of a shield volcano?
Which of the following best defines viscosity?
Which of the following best defines viscosity?
Flashcards
Stress
Stress
The force that acts on a rock to change its shape or volume.
Divergent
Divergent
A type of stress where forces pull the Earth's crust apart, causing it to thin in the middle.
Compression
Compression
A type of stress where forces squeeze rock together, causing it to fold or break.
Convergent
Convergent
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Fault
Fault
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Earthquake
Earthquake
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Seismic waves
Seismic waves
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Magnitude
Magnitude
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Study Notes
Earthquakes & Volcanoes
- Stress: A force that acts on a rock to change its shape or volume.
- Tension: Pulling the Earth's crust, getting thinner in the middle.
- Compression: Squeezing rock until it folds or breaks.
- Shearing: Force pushing a mass of rock in two opposite directions.
- Fault: Shaking and trembling from the movement of Earth's crustal plate boundaries.
- Earthquake: Shaking and trembling from the movement of Earth's crustal plate boundaries.
- Energy carried from the earthquake's focus.: Energy carried from the earthquake's focus.
- Magnitude: Measurement of earthquake strength, expressed as a single number based on earthquake size.
- Tsunami: A giant wave caused by an underwater earthquake.
- Viscosity: How thick a liquid is, and how easily it pours
- Aa Lava: Slow-moving, cooler lava. Dries rough.
- Pahoehoe Lava: Fast-moving, hotter lava. Dries smooth or ropey.
- Pyroclastic Flow: Hot, dense mixture of ash, gas, and rock fragments that come out of a volcano.
- Magma: Molten material in the Earth.
- Lava: Molten material on the Earth's surface.
- Volcano: A weak spot in the crust where molten magma comes to the surface.
- Hot Spot: An area where lava frequently erupts at the surface, independent of plate boundary processes.
- Focus: Point in the crust where the earthquake begins.
- Epicenter: Point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus.
Types of Volcanoes (and Eruptions)
- Shield Volcano: Quiet eruptions, Aa and Pahoehoe lava.
- Cinder Cone Volcano: Quiet eruption, AA lava.
- Composite Volcano: Explosive eruption, AA lava.
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