Ch 3: Earthquakes
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Questions and Answers

What primarily causes earthquakes?

  • Collapses in mines
  • Movements of tectonic plates at fault lines (correct)
  • Tsunamis
  • Volcanic eruptions

    • Which instrument measures and records the details of seismic waves?

  • Thermometer
  • Barometer
  • Hygrometer
  • Seismograph (correct)

    • What do Primary Waves (P-waves) do when they travel through the Earth's crust?

  • Roll the ground similarly to ocean waves
  • Squeeze or stretch the ground (correct)
  • Cause the most destruction
  • Move the ground up and down and sideways

    • Which type of seismic waves only move through solids and not liquids?

    <p>Secondary Waves (S-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the epicenter of an earthquake located in relation to the focus?

    <p>Directly above it on the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a tsunami primarily caused by?

    <p>Undersea disturbances such as earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a seismogram depict?

    <p>The strength and duration of seismic waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scale is used to measure the strength of earthquakes?

    <p>Richter scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of earthquakes is capable of causing serious to catastrophic damage?

    <p>Major to Great earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the immediate impacts of earthquakes?

    <p>Health and Safety Risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do waves created by the displacement of water behave as they approach shallow coastal waters?

    <p>They slow down but grow in height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes developing countries more vulnerable to earthquake devastation compared to developed countries?

    <p>High population densities in vulnerable areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiatives are included in preparedness efforts in developed countries?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which range on the Richter scale characterizes earthquakes capable of causing minor damage?

    <p>0 to 4.9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause devastating coastal flooding as waves approach shallow waters?

    <p>'Growing in height' effect of waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do developing countries often suffer greater devastation from earthquakes?

    <p>'Community Preparedness' lack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of earthquakes?

    <p>Movement of tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which seismic waves move the ground up and down and sideways, but only through solids?

    <p>Secondary Waves (S-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the focus of an earthquake located?

    <p>Inside the Earth where the earthquake originates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument is used to measure and record the details of seismic waves?

    <p>Seismograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seismic waves are the slowest but most destructive?

    <p>Surface Waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Primary Waves (P-waves) do when they travel through the Earth's crust?

    <p>Stretch or squeeze the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Seismograms depict?

    <p>Strength and duration of seismic waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that contributes to the devastating coastal flooding caused by waves approaching shallow coastal waters?

    <p>Slowing down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes earthquakes categorized as 'Major to Great' according to the Richter scale?

    <p>Capability to cause catastrophic damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do developing countries often face greater devastation from earthquakes compared to developed countries?

    <p>Less robust emergency response capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate impact do earthquakes have on infrastructure, according to the text?

    <p>Disruption and destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of preparedness efforts in developed countries that helps mitigate earthquake damage?

    <p>Enhancing infrastructure resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are earthquake strengths measured according to the text?

    <p>Logarithmic scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes 'Moderate to Strong' earthquakes on the Richter scale from 'Minor' earthquakes?

    <p>'Moderate to Strong' can cause damage to structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of waves created by water displacement contributes to their growth in height as they approach shallow coastal waters?

    <p>'Slowing down' effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with earthquakes mentioned in the text?

    <p>'Health and Safety Risks'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may developed countries suffer less devastation from earthquakes compared to developing countries?

    <p>Stringent building codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that contributes to the growth in height of waves approaching shallow coastal waters?

    <p>Increase in amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do developing countries often face greater devastation from earthquakes compared to developed countries?

    <p>Less stringent building codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes 'Major to Great' earthquakes on the Richter scale?

    <p>Capable of causing catastrophic damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the epicenter of an earthquake located in relation to the focus?

    <p>At the same location as the focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes 'Moderate to Strong' earthquakes on the Richter scale from 'Major to Great' earthquakes?

    <p>Energy released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are earthquake strengths measured according to the text?

    <p>Using the Richter scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Primary Waves (P-waves)' primarily travel through which medium?

    <p>Solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes tsunamis?

    <p>Displacement of water by underwater earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Resource Shortages' following an earthquake are mainly due to disruptions in which essential supplies?

    <p>'Water, gas, and electricity'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of a tsunami?

    <p>Earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which seismic waves are capable of moving the ground both up and down and sideways, but only through solids?

    <p>Secondary Waves (S-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the epicenter of an earthquake located in relation to the focus?

    <p>Exactly on top of the focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seismic waves are the fastest and travel through the Earth's crust, squeezing or stretching the ground?

    <p>Primary Waves (P-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do seismograms record?

    <p>Seismic wave details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument is used to measure and record the details of seismic waves?

    <p>Seismograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when understanding earthquakes, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Studying the origins of earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of earthquakes is characterized by a range from 5 to 6.9 on the Richter scale?

    <p>Moderate to Strong earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate impact do earthquakes have on health and safety, according to the text?

    <p>Higher chances of disease outbreaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the impact of earthquakes on developing countries compared to developed countries, as stated in the text?

    <p>Higher population densities in developed countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes 'Major to Great' earthquakes on the Richter scale different from 'Moderate to Strong' earthquakes?

    <p>'Major to Great' earthquakes can cause catastrophic damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of preparedness efforts in developed countries mentioned in the text?

    <p>Enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do waves created by the displacement of water experience as they approach shallow coastal waters?

    <p>They slow down and grow in height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of seismic waves are capable of moving the ground both up and down and sideways, but only through solids?

    <p>Secondary Waves (S-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the epicenter of an earthquake located in relation to the focus?

    <p>Right above it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of tsunamis as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Undersea disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument measures and records the details of seismic waves?

    <p>Seismograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do surface waves do that makes them the most destructive?

    <p>Roll the ground similarly to ocean waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do seismograms depict?

    <p>Details of seismic waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of earthquake is capable of causing serious to catastrophic damage according to the Richter scale?

    <p>'Major to Great' earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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