Earthquakes and Volcanoes Trivia
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Questions and Answers

What is the Earth's crust broken into according to the Plate Tectonics Theory?

  • Continents
  • Fault lines
  • Plates (correct)
  • Mantles

    • Which of the following is directly above the focus of an earthquake?

  • Fault
  • Tsunami
  • Epicenter (correct)
  • Seismic waves

    • What type of rock primarily makes up the denser oceanic crust?

  • Sandstone
  • Basalt (correct)
  • Granite
  • Limestone

    • Which elements are found in the oceanic crust?

    <p>Iron, Silicon, and Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of plate movement?

    <p>Earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a composition of continental crust?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the continental crust composed of?

    <p>Iron, silicon, and magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Earth's crust primarily broken into?

    <p>Segments that move slowly but constantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is directly above the focus of an earthquake?

    <p>Epicenter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an effect of plate movement?

    <p>Formation of glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many detectable earthquakes occur in the world each year?

    <p>500,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument is used to detect earthquakes?

    <p>Seismograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a tectonic plate generally composed of?

    <p>Continental and oceanic lithosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the earth is the lithosphere?

    <p>Crust and upper mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's volcanoes are located along the Ring of Fire?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of continental crust?

    <p>Thinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the abundance of volcanoes and earthquakes along the Ring of Fire?

    <p>Tectonic plate movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a seismogram?

    <p>A record made by a seismograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements are primarily found in the continental crust?

    <p>Potassium, sodium, aluminum, and silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the oceanic crust found?

    <p>Under the oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes the formation of most mountain ranges?

    <p>Plate tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of seismic waves can travel through both liquids and solids?

    <p>Primary waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between body waves and surface waves?

    <p>Body waves travel through the earth's interior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seismic wave cannot travel through liquids?

    <p>Secondary waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motion characterizes Love waves?

    <p>Horizontal transverse motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate boundary is described as where plates move apart creating a zone of tension?

    <p>Divergent boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate boundary is exemplified by the Pacific and Eurasian plates moving towards each other?

    <p>Convergent boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best example of a transform fault?

    <p>San Andreas fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate boundary does not involve plates moving apart or towards each other?

    <p>Transform fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plates are involved in the San Andreas fault?

    <p>North American and Pacific plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of boundary is the convergent plate boundary classified as?

    <p>Plates colliding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the depth of the Philippine Trench?

    <p>10,540 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the movement of lithospheric plates?

    <p>Plate Boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural disaster is referred to by the term 'Tsunami'?

    <p>Harbor Wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of geological feature is formed under oceanic-oceanic convergence?

    <p>Trenches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions are part of the Eurasian Plate?

    <p>Zamboanga Peninsula, Palawan, and Mindoro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geologic feature is formed at the deepest part of the ocean during the convergence of oceanic crust leading plates?

    <p>Trench</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural disaster is often triggered by underwater earthquakes?

    <p>Tsunami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms when the leading edge of a subducted oceanic plate melts in the mantle?

    <p>Volcanic island</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following archipelagos originated from oceanic-oceanic convergence?

    <p>Philippines Archipelago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when two continental plates collide?

    <p>Collision zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological feature forms when a spreading center develops within a continent?

    <p>Rift valley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical spreading rate at oceanic ridges?

    <p>2 to 20 cm per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at divergent plate boundaries?

    <p>Plates move apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is an example of a spreading center?

    <p>Mid-Atlantic Ocean Ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs as new materials from the mantle ooze up at divergent boundaries?

    <p>New ocean floor is produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a rift valley as the spreading continues?

    <p>It develops into a linear sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly located at transform fault boundaries?

    <p>Earthquake activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fault is an example of a transform fault that cuts through continental crust?

    <p>San Andreas Fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most transform faults located?

    <p>Ocean basins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological feature is an indication of diverging plates?

    <p>Mid-ocean ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is an example of volcanic activity occurring away from plate boundaries?

    <p>Hawaii islands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transform fault boundaries primarily join segments of which feature?

    <p>Mid-ocean ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Earthquakes

    • There are 500,000 detectable earthquakes in the world each year, with 100,000 of those that can be felt and 100 that can cause damage.
    • Earthquakes can be detected using a seismograph, which records the waves created by seismic activity.
    • A seismogram is a record made by a seismograph.

    Volcanoes

    • Volcanoes are openings in the earth's crust where lava, volcanic ash, and gases are ejected.
    • The Ring of Fire, a path along the Pacific Ocean, is characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.
    • 75 percent of Earth's volcanoes (more than 450 volcanoes) and 90 percent of Earth's earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire.

    Plate Tectonics

    • The Earth's crust is broken into segments (plates) that move slowly but constantly.
    • The continental crust is denser than the oceanic crust and is composed of iron, silicon, and magnesium.
    • The continental crust is made up of basalt rock, while the oceanic crust is made up of granite rock.

    Effects of Plate Movement

    • Plate movement causes earthquakes, formation of volcanoes, and formation of mountains/mountain ranges.

    Faults and Earthquakes

    • A fault is a weak point in the tectonic plate where pressure within the crust is released.
    • The focus is the location where the earthquake starts to happen.
    • The epicenter is the point on the ground directly above the focus.

    Types of Crust

    Continental Crust

    • Found under large land masses or continents.
    • Older, thicker, and less dense than the oceanic crust.
    • Made up of granite rock.

    Oceanic Crust

    • Found under the oceans.
    • Younger, thinner, and denser than the continental crust.
    • Made up of basalt rock.

    Plate Boundaries

    • There are 3 distinct types of plate boundaries, differentiated by the type of movement they exhibit:
      • Divergent boundaries: Where plates move apart, creating a zone of tension.
      • Convergent plate boundaries: Where plates slide or grind past each other, without diverging or converging.
      • Transform fault boundaries: Where plates slide or grind past each other, without diverging or converging.

    Seismic Waves

    • Seismic waves are waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion.
    • There are two main types of seismic waves: body waves and surface waves.

    Body Waves

    • Primary waves (P waves) travel almost twice as fast and can travel through liquids and solids.
    • Secondary waves (S waves) are slower and cannot travel through liquids.

    Surface Waves

    • Love waves are horizontal transverse (S-waves).
    • Rayleigh waves are rolling waves.

    Mountain Ranges and Seismic Waves

    • Mountain ranges are formed by a variety of geological processes, but most are the result of plate tectonics.

    Convergence of Plates

    • Convergence of oceanic crust leading plate and continental crust leading plate:
      • Forms a trench, also called a submarine valley.
      • The leading edge of the subducted plate reaches the mantle and melts, producing a volcanic island.
      • The Philippines Archipelago originated from oceanic-oceanic convergence.

    Convergence of Oceanic Plates

    • The collision of oceanic plates causes trenches and earthquakes.

    Convergence of Continental Plates

    • When two continental plates collide, a collision zone is formed.

    Divergence of Plates

    • Formation of rift valleys and oceanic ridges indicate that the crust is spreading or splitting apart.
    • As the plates separate, new materials from the mantle ooze up to fill the gap.
    • The spreading rate at these ridges may vary from 2 to 20 cm per year.

    Transform Plate Boundaries

    • Most transform plate boundaries are situated along the mid-ocean ridges.
    • The San Andreas Fault is an example of a transform fault boundary that cuts through the continental crust.

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