Earthquakes and Faults Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What forms in the sand when sheets are moved?

  • Potholes
  • Cracks
  • Ridges
  • Fissures (correct)

What occurs to the lines during movement along a fault?

  • They disappear completely.
  • They shift and realign. (correct)
  • They remain unchanged.
  • They become straighter.

What is the term used for a break or fracture on the Earth’s surface?

  • Tremor
  • Seismic wave
  • Earthquake
  • Fault (correct)

What is the primary objective of the 'Stick ‘n’ slip' activity?

<p>To understand how faults generate earthquakes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rubber band when it is pulled?

<p>It stretches before returning to its original shape. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the activity, what happens to the box attached to the rubber band?

<p>It shifts forward when the rubber band is pulled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the toy house during the experiment?

<p>It shifts with the box. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the setup, which component represents the 'fault'?

<p>The rubber band (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of the module on Earthquakes and Faults?

<p>Exploring how earthquakes are associated with faults. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is defined as the location directly above the earthquake's origin?

<p>Epicenter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates active faults from inactive faults?

<p>Inactive faults show no recent seismic activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of earthquakes is highlighted by the comparison between magnitude and intensity?

<p>Magnitude is the amount of energy released, whereas intensity describes effects at a location. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the module aim to teach students about the Earth's interior?

<p>Earthquakes provide insights into the Earth's internal structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly describes the focus of an earthquake?

<p>The location where energy is first released. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes intensity in relation to earthquakes?

<p>It varies based on the observer's distance from the epicenter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding faults in relation to earthquakes?

<p>Identifying faults aids in assessing potential earthquake hazards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an active fault?

<p>It has a history of movement and is expected to move again. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method do scientists NOT use to identify active faults?

<p>Monitoring changes in atmospheric pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for knowing the location of active and inactive faults?

<p>To prevent severe destruction during earthquakes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PHIVOLCS stand for?

<p>Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about an inactive fault?

<p>It is expected to move again in the future. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be an indicator of an active fault?

<p>Roads or stream channels that are displaced. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between faults and earthquakes?

<p>Faults are breaks in the Earth’s surface linked to earthquake occurrences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best measure of the damage potential of an earthquake?

<p>Intensity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What caused the strong ground motion associated with the North Bohol fault?

<p>Reverse thrust movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus or hypocenter of an earthquake?

<p>The spot where rocks first begin to move underground (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the epicenter of an earthquake?

<p>It is located on the Earth's surface directly above the focus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are earthquakes often named after the cities near their epicenters?

<p>To provide a reference framework for studies on seismic activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a break in the Earth’s crust along which significant movement has occurred?

<p>Fault (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do seismic waves travel from the focus of an earthquake?

<p>Outward from the focus in all directions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is responsible for the monitoring and mitigation of earthquakes in the Philippines?

<p>PHIVOLCS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a seismograph?

<p>To record seismic waves created by earthquakes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates intensity from magnitude in the context of earthquakes?

<p>Intensity is a local measurement, while magnitude is a global assessment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of earthquakes, what does 'epicenter' refer to?

<p>Point directly above the focus on the Earth's surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following differentiates between magnitude and intensity of an earthquake?

<p>Magnitude measures energy released; intensity measures effects at a location. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does seismic activity primarily begin in relation to an earthquake?

<p>At the focus and underground (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'focus' refer to in the context of an earthquake?

<p>Depth below the surface where the earthquake originates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which describes the concept of active faults?

<p>Faults that have experienced significant movement in the past (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between a tsunami and an earthquake?

<p>An earthquake is a seismic event; a tsunami is a series of ocean waves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What magnitude is associated with the Cebu earthquake in 2013?

<p>7.2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Richter scale primarily measure?

<p>The magnitude of an earthquake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to faults that have caused earthquakes in the past and may do so again?

<p>Active fault (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the PEIS scale measure?

<p>The intensity of an earthquake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agency is responsible for monitoring earthquakes in the Philippines?

<p>Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The scale used to assess the effects and damages caused by earthquakes is known as what?

<p>PEIS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes faults that have not produced any seismic activity?

<p>Inactive faults (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding active and inactive faults important in earthquake science?

<p>It helps to determine earthquake patterns and predict occurrences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Earthquakes

Earthquakes are sudden, violent shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates.

Faults

Faults are fractures or cracks in the Earth's crust along which rocks move.

Focus

The point within the Earth where an earthquake originates.

Epicenter

The point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus.

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Magnitude

A measure of the size of an earthquake.

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Intensity

A measure of the effects of an earthquake.

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Active Fault

A fault that has a history of earthquake activity.

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Inactive Fault

A fault that hasn't had earthquake activity in recent times.

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Focus (of earthquake)

The point within the Earth where an earthquake originates.

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PHIVOLCS

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, responsible for earthquake & volcano monitoring.

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Earthquake generation

Movement along faults can cause earthquakes.

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Movement along a fault

Rocks sliding past each other along a fault.

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Effect on Structure

Structures built on the fault line are affected because rocks are moving constantly.

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Controlled Movement

Movement along a fault can be controlled or not.

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Rubber band

Used to model movement along a fault, in a controlled environment.

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Toy House

Used as a miniature representation of structures built over fault lines.

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Epicenter (Earthquake)

The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.

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Earthquake Origin

The underground point, also known as the focus or hypocenter, where rocks initially move during an earthquake.

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Difference between Epicenter and Focus

The epicenter is on Earth's surface, directly above the focus (underground origin) of the earthquake.

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Seismic Waves

Waves created by the movement of rocks during an earthquake and travel outward from the focus.

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Earthquake Damage (Epicenter)

Earthquake damage is usually greater near the epicenter, weakening as distance from it increases.

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Naming Earthquakes

Earthquakes may be named for the nearest city to their epicenter.

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What's an active fault?

An active fault is a fracture in the Earth's crust that has moved recently and is likely to move again, causing earthquakes.

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How do scientists identify active faults?

Scientists study historical records of earthquakes, analyze vibrations from faults, and observe physical signs like displaced roads or stream channels.

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Why is it important to know about active faults?

Knowing the location of active faults allows us to build structures in earthquake-prone areas more safely, minimizing destruction and potential casualties.

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What is PHIVOLCS?

PHIVOLCS is the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. It monitors earthquakes, volcanoes, and other geological hazards in the Philippines.

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What is an earthquake?

An earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates along faults.

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What is the Richter scale?

The Richter scale measures the magnitude (strength) of an earthquake based on the energy released.

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What is intensity?

Intensity describes the amount of damage caused by an earthquake in a specific location.

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Richter scale

A scale used to measure the strength or magnitude of an earthquake. It's based on the amplitude of seismic waves recorded by seismographs.

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Earthquake intensity

Describes the effects and damage caused by an earthquake at a specific location. It's not the same as magnitude.

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What is PEIS?

PEIS is the Philippine Earthquake Intensity Scale, a system used in the Philippines to measure the intensity of an earthquake at different locations.

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What is the difference between magnitude and intensity?

Magnitude is a measure of the earthquake's strength at its source, while intensity measures the earthquake's effects at a specific location.

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Study Notes

Earthquakes and Faults

  • Earthquakes are a natural phenomenon, and are common in the Philippines.
  • Earthquakes are caused by the movement of rocks beneath the Earth surface.
  • Faults are breaks in the Earth's crust along which significant movement has happened.
  • The focus of an earthquake is the point underground where rocks first start to move.
  • The epicenter is the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus.
  • Magnitude measures the strength of an earthquake, while intensity measures the effects of the earthquake.
  • The Richter scale is a common standard for measuring earthquake magnitude.
  • The PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale is used to measure earthquake intensity in the Philippines.
  • Active faults have moved in the past and are expected to move again.
  • Inactive faults have not moved for a long period of time.
  • Scientists use historical records and current observations to identify active faults.
  • Earthquakes can damage buildings, infrastructure and other structures.
  • There are two types of faults, active and inactive.

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