Earthquake Zones and Prediction
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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of an earthquake?

  • Friction between underground rocks
  • Volcanic activity near the Earth's surface
  • Elastic rebound of the Earth's lithosphere
  • Sudden movement of tectonic plates along a fault (correct)

    • Which type of fault experiences vertical motion where one block moves upwards relative to the other?

  • Normal fault
  • Strike-slip fault
  • Thrust or Reverse fault (correct)
  • Tensional fault

    • What type of stress is generated by rock pulling apart from each other?

  • Compressional stress
  • Shear stress
  • Elastic stress
  • Tensional stress (correct)

    • Which type of earthquake is triggered by nearby volcanic activity?

    <p>Volcanic earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the rocks to crack and increase space during the elastic build-up stage of an earthquake?

    <p>Forced extraction of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which seismic wave type causes elliptical shaking of the Earth and gets weaker with depth?

    <p>Rayleigh wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of an earthquake?

    <p>The point underground where an earthquake originates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which belt accounts for more than 81% of the earthquakes in the world?

    <p>Ring of Fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of waves are P-waves?

    <p>Compression waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for an instrument that records ground-shaking activity caused by earthquakes on the Earth's surface?

    <p>Seismometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a shift in the rocks of Earth's crust, resulting in minor earthquakes?

    <p>Underground explosions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are seismic waves that travel through the Earth's interior and not along its surface called?

    <p>Primary waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main theory of plate tectonics?

    <p>The earth's crust is broken up into tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the mobile earth's crust pieces?

    <p>'Tectonic plates'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)?

    <p>To analyze ocean floor samples for evidence of plate tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decade introduced the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)?

    <p>The 1960s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vessel was used for the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)?

    <p>Research vessel called the Glomar Challenger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) drill core samples from?

    <p>The ocean floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is seafloor spreading?

    <p>The upwelling of magma through diverging tectonic plates, forming new oceanic crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence from the samples taken from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge supported the seafloor spreading theory?

    <p>The rocks found were very young, and got older farther away from the crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the motion of tectonic plates?

    <p>Convection within the earth's mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do most earthquakes occur?

    <p>At the boundaries between different tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are tsunamis and how are they related to earthquakes?

    <p>Tsunamis are a series of large water waves caused by underwater earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hypocenter of an earthquake?

    <p>The geographic location and depth where the earthquake starts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of seismic waves cause the most damage during an earthquake?

    <p>Surface waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason scientists are unable to predict when earthquakes will occur?

    <p>Tectonic plates are constantly moving and unpredictable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which earthquake measurement scale is based on seismic movement rather than wave amplitude?

    <p>Moment Magnitude Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of earthquakes?

    <p>Sudden slipping of Earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between foreshocks and aftershocks?

    <p>Foreshocks occur before a mainshock, while aftershocks occur after.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of seismic waves move along the surface in a snake-like motion?

    <p>Love waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines the classification of a quake as a mainshock, foreshock, or aftershock?

    <p>Magnitude of the quake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of aftershocks according to the text?

    <p>Passing on of energy from a mainshock to nearby rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can aftershocks last after a mainshock takes place?

    <p>Up to years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Richter scale measure?

    <p>Intensity and magnitude of an earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented the Richter scale?

    <p>Charles Richter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Richter scale range measure earthquakes from?

    <p>1 (weakest) to 10 (strongest)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is used to detect and record earthquakes?

    <p>Seismograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the accuracy of the Richter scale depend on?

    <p>The location of the earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the measurement of energy released underestimated when using the Richter scale for higher magnitude earthquakes?

    <p>The seismograph becomes less sensitive for higher magnitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a logarithmic increase in earthquake magnitude on the Richter scale result in terms of energy intensity?

    <p>Increase in energy intensity by 32 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

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