Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of base isolation in buildings during an earthquake?
What is the primary function of base isolation in buildings during an earthquake?
- To increase the mass of the building and provide stability
- To prevent the building from collapsing entirely
- To allow the base of the building to move independently from the ground (correct)
- To enhance the aesthetic design of the building
Which of the following is NOT a type of energy dissipation device used in buildings?
Which of the following is NOT a type of energy dissipation device used in buildings?
- Frictional dampers
- Viscous dampers
- Buckling-restrained braces
- Steel braces (correct)
In which building is a unique foundation system introduced, where sliders are present in the basement level rather than the foundation?
In which building is a unique foundation system introduced, where sliders are present in the basement level rather than the foundation?
- C.A.S.E project, L’Aquila, Italy
- Okumura commemorative museum, Nara, Japan (correct)
- Angels of San Giuliano school, Italy
- Tod’s Omotesando building, Tokyo
What is the primary purpose of using kinetic energy fuses in energy dissipation systems within buildings?
What is the primary purpose of using kinetic energy fuses in energy dissipation systems within buildings?
Which case study is associated with a residential building that was raised to enhance seismic performance?
Which case study is associated with a residential building that was raised to enhance seismic performance?
What does the 'R' in REI signify regarding fire safety in building construction?
What does the 'R' in REI signify regarding fire safety in building construction?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the insulation component of fire safety?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the insulation component of fire safety?
What is a significant criticism of the traditional fire protection design approach that aims to keep structural temperatures below 550 degrees C?
What is a significant criticism of the traditional fire protection design approach that aims to keep structural temperatures below 550 degrees C?
In the context of fire safety, what role do designers play if a building fails in a fire scenario?
In the context of fire safety, what role do designers play if a building fails in a fire scenario?
What is the primary reason for applying fire protection to keep structural temperatures below 550 degrees C?
What is the primary reason for applying fire protection to keep structural temperatures below 550 degrees C?
What materials were primarily used in the construction of the tea house?
What materials were primarily used in the construction of the tea house?
What was the total budget for Phase 1 of the Wake-Up School project?
What was the total budget for Phase 1 of the Wake-Up School project?
Which aspect of the Irrawaddy Flower Garden emphasizes its unique design?
Which aspect of the Irrawaddy Flower Garden emphasizes its unique design?
What type of architecture describes the buildings constructed by local communities using regional materials?
What type of architecture describes the buildings constructed by local communities using regional materials?
How long did it take to build the Ah Yone Oo School?
How long did it take to build the Ah Yone Oo School?
Which school project involved plaster made from mice starch?
Which school project involved plaster made from mice starch?
Which project had the lowest reported budget?
Which project had the lowest reported budget?
What kind of community contributed to the construction of the New Day Learning Center?
What kind of community contributed to the construction of the New Day Learning Center?
What is the characteristic floor live load range for office buildings?
What is the characteristic floor live load range for office buildings?
Which of the following materials is considered the only truly renewable construction material?
Which of the following materials is considered the only truly renewable construction material?
What does a lower utilization ratio (UR) indicate about a structure's materials?
What does a lower utilization ratio (UR) indicate about a structure's materials?
In which type of construction is the 2D panel method more advantageous?
In which type of construction is the 2D panel method more advantageous?
What is the main advantage of using rammed earth in construction?
What is the main advantage of using rammed earth in construction?
Which case study involved a 10-storey steel framed modular structure installed in a short time frame?
Which case study involved a 10-storey steel framed modular structure installed in a short time frame?
What is the main purpose of emission reduction schemes?
What is the main purpose of emission reduction schemes?
Which material can have high carbon factors when engineered?
Which material can have high carbon factors when engineered?
What technique is associated with creating adobe bricks?
What technique is associated with creating adobe bricks?
Which of the following describes the modern methods of construction?
Which of the following describes the modern methods of construction?
What does BIM primarily associate with geometrical objects in a digital representation?
What does BIM primarily associate with geometrical objects in a digital representation?
Which BIM dimension adds time aspects to the construction model?
Which BIM dimension adds time aspects to the construction model?
Which characteristic distinguishes BIM from CAD?
Which characteristic distinguishes BIM from CAD?
What is the primary role of BIM objects?
What is the primary role of BIM objects?
How does the 8D BIM dimension enhance construction practices?
How does the 8D BIM dimension enhance construction practices?
Which of the following best describes the function of BIM authoring tools?
Which of the following best describes the function of BIM authoring tools?
What aspect does the 6D BIM dimension address?
What aspect does the 6D BIM dimension address?
When comparing CAD and BIM, what is a notable difference in how both represent components?
When comparing CAD and BIM, what is a notable difference in how both represent components?
Which feature of BIM enhances collaboration among project stakeholders?
Which feature of BIM enhances collaboration among project stakeholders?
What is the significance of parametric objects in BIM?
What is the significance of parametric objects in BIM?
Which decision in defining a structural strategy directly impacts the embodied carbon through material choice?
Which decision in defining a structural strategy directly impacts the embodied carbon through material choice?
What is the primary purpose of lifecycle assessment in the context of building design?
What is the primary purpose of lifecycle assessment in the context of building design?
Which structural system allows for open floor plans and is known for its flexibility in design?
Which structural system allows for open floor plans and is known for its flexibility in design?
What term refers to the greenhouse gas emissions linked with materials and construction processes throughout an asset's life?
What term refers to the greenhouse gas emissions linked with materials and construction processes throughout an asset's life?
Which stage of carbon assessment involves the transport of materials from the manufacturer to the site?
Which stage of carbon assessment involves the transport of materials from the manufacturer to the site?
What potential carbon saving percentage is attributed to the 'Build nothing' strategy?
What potential carbon saving percentage is attributed to the 'Build nothing' strategy?
What is one of the benefits of using prefabrication in construction?
What is one of the benefits of using prefabrication in construction?
In structural design, which aspect allows for the most significant reduction in embodied carbon?
In structural design, which aspect allows for the most significant reduction in embodied carbon?
Which option describes a key aspect of 'Build efficiently' in carbon reduction strategies?
Which option describes a key aspect of 'Build efficiently' in carbon reduction strategies?
What is the purpose of material passports in sustainable building design?
What is the purpose of material passports in sustainable building design?
Which of the following structural systems can often lead to wasting space in tall buildings?
Which of the following structural systems can often lead to wasting space in tall buildings?
Which factor can significantly influence the embodied carbon of a building's floor system?
Which factor can significantly influence the embodied carbon of a building's floor system?
What carbon factor must be considered when calculating embodied carbon from construction?
What carbon factor must be considered when calculating embodied carbon from construction?
What is the primary purpose of CNNs in healthcare?
What is the primary purpose of CNNs in healthcare?
Which step involves client requirements and budget considerations in the architectural design process?
Which step involves client requirements and budget considerations in the architectural design process?
What is the focus of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in architecture?
What is the focus of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in architecture?
In the context of CNNs applied to urban spaces, what do they classify?
In the context of CNNs applied to urban spaces, what do they classify?
Which of the following describes the role of diffusion models in text-to-image generation?
Which of the following describes the role of diffusion models in text-to-image generation?
What is the significance of rhythm in architectural design according to the classification by CNNs?
What is the significance of rhythm in architectural design according to the classification by CNNs?
What does the ArchiGAN model specifically target in apartment building design?
What does the ArchiGAN model specifically target in apartment building design?
What role does the FrankenGAN play in urban architecture?
What role does the FrankenGAN play in urban architecture?
What aspect does the Daylight GAN focus on in architectural design?
What aspect does the Daylight GAN focus on in architectural design?
What is one of the main advantages of using loam in construction?
What is one of the main advantages of using loam in construction?
Which failure type is categorized as non-structural?
Which failure type is categorized as non-structural?
What element is crucial for the construction of rammed earth walls to prevent seepage?
What element is crucial for the construction of rammed earth walls to prevent seepage?
How does Martin Rauch improve rammed earth construction?
How does Martin Rauch improve rammed earth construction?
What type of funding was provided for the temporary dormitories for Mae Tao Clinic?
What type of funding was provided for the temporary dormitories for Mae Tao Clinic?
Which is a significant characteristic of the foundation plinth used in building construction?
Which is a significant characteristic of the foundation plinth used in building construction?
What are the two main types of modules used in modular construction?
What are the two main types of modules used in modular construction?
What is a common problem when using loam as a construction material?
What is a common problem when using loam as a construction material?
Which building types are best suited for closed sided modules?
Which building types are best suited for closed sided modules?
What type of finishing is recommended for contemporary rammed earth flooring to enhance durability?
What type of finishing is recommended for contemporary rammed earth flooring to enhance durability?
What is a primary benefit of using modular construction?
What is a primary benefit of using modular construction?
Which structural reinforcement is utilized to improve load distribution in rammed earth walls?
Which structural reinforcement is utilized to improve load distribution in rammed earth walls?
What type of material was used in the Kwel Kha Baung Migrant Learning Center's design?
What type of material was used in the Kwel Kha Baung Migrant Learning Center's design?
What play did Henry Ford’s production methods have on other industries?
What play did Henry Ford’s production methods have on other industries?
What was a unique feature of the temporary classrooms built for migrant schools in Tak?
What was a unique feature of the temporary classrooms built for migrant schools in Tak?
What does prefabrication primarily aim to improve in the construction process?
What does prefabrication primarily aim to improve in the construction process?
Which statement about services and connections in modular construction is accurate?
Which statement about services and connections in modular construction is accurate?
What structural aspect is necessary to control water flow on rammed earth walls?
What structural aspect is necessary to control water flow on rammed earth walls?
Which material was utilized for building the temporary dormitories at Mae Tao Clinic?
Which material was utilized for building the temporary dormitories at Mae Tao Clinic?
What is a typical maximum transportation height for modular units?
What is a typical maximum transportation height for modular units?
What is a characteristic of the beams used in the training center at Mae Tao Clinic?
What is a characteristic of the beams used in the training center at Mae Tao Clinic?
What is one of the key aspects of the structural design of modules?
What is one of the key aspects of the structural design of modules?
What are open sided modules primarily dependent on for stability?
What are open sided modules primarily dependent on for stability?
Which of the following best describes a closed sided module?
Which of the following best describes a closed sided module?
Which category best describes the efficiency benefits of prefabrication?
Which category best describes the efficiency benefits of prefabrication?
What paradigm shift is mentioned in the context of the building industry?
What paradigm shift is mentioned in the context of the building industry?
What is one of the consequences of improved off-site production?
What is one of the consequences of improved off-site production?
What role do cranes play in modular construction?
What role do cranes play in modular construction?
What is the primary purpose of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) in building construction?
What is the primary purpose of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) in building construction?
Which technology aims to reduce accelerations significantly by utilizing additional structural elements?
Which technology aims to reduce accelerations significantly by utilizing additional structural elements?
Which of the following statements about flood resilient housing technologies is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about flood resilient housing technologies is incorrect?
What is one key benefit of resilient design in community planning?
What is one key benefit of resilient design in community planning?
Which of the following is not a layer of fire protection in buildings?
Which of the following is not a layer of fire protection in buildings?
What type of damper would be expected to significantly impact the aesthetic of a building?
What type of damper would be expected to significantly impact the aesthetic of a building?
How do energy dissipation systems handle accelerations in buildings?
How do energy dissipation systems handle accelerations in buildings?
What is the slender aspect ratio of the 432 Park Avenue building?
What is the slender aspect ratio of the 432 Park Avenue building?
Which type of flood resilience aims to construct buildings that completely evade water?
Which type of flood resilience aims to construct buildings that completely evade water?
The case study involving the Windsor tower, Madrid, exemplifies which type of failure?
The case study involving the Windsor tower, Madrid, exemplifies which type of failure?
Which of the following is a characteristic of rubber bearings?
Which of the following is a characteristic of rubber bearings?
Which statement accurately describes the function of structural resistance during a fire?
Which statement accurately describes the function of structural resistance during a fire?
What flood risk statistic applies to the global population?
What flood risk statistic applies to the global population?
What is the primary difference between intensity and magnitude in the context of earthquakes?
What is the primary difference between intensity and magnitude in the context of earthquakes?
What type of standardisation is defined specifically for a country or group of countries?
What type of standardisation is defined specifically for a country or group of countries?
Which construction method involves the assembly of building components before they are needed on-site?
Which construction method involves the assembly of building components before they are needed on-site?
What typically occurs when the Centre of Mass (CoM) and the Centre of Resistance (CoR) are not aligned in a building?
What typically occurs when the Centre of Mass (CoM) and the Centre of Resistance (CoR) are not aligned in a building?
Which scenario describes a soft storey in a multistorey building?
Which scenario describes a soft storey in a multistorey building?
What is the impact of building height on a structure's natural period of vibration?
What is the impact of building height on a structure's natural period of vibration?
Which factor is NOT considered a cause of torsional effects in buildings during seismic events?
Which factor is NOT considered a cause of torsional effects in buildings during seismic events?
What is the importance of redundancy in a load-carrying system?
What is the importance of redundancy in a load-carrying system?
In seismic design, what is typically the effect of increased lateral stiffness in the longitudinal axis of a building?
In seismic design, what is typically the effect of increased lateral stiffness in the longitudinal axis of a building?
Which of the following disasters is categorized as geophysical?
Which of the following disasters is categorized as geophysical?
Which case study exemplified the failure of a soft storey during an earthquake?
Which case study exemplified the failure of a soft storey during an earthquake?
What does the moment magnitude scale (Mw) measure?
What does the moment magnitude scale (Mw) measure?
What type of standardisation is defined by a supplier's specifications?
What type of standardisation is defined by a supplier's specifications?
What is a key characteristic of preassembled components in construction?
What is a key characteristic of preassembled components in construction?
Which scenario is least likely to result in increased building vulnerability during seismic activity?
Which scenario is least likely to result in increased building vulnerability during seismic activity?
What is the primary goal of the NIST testing in the context of structural fire engineering?
What is the primary goal of the NIST testing in the context of structural fire engineering?
What does ASET stand for in fire safety engineering?
What does ASET stand for in fire safety engineering?
What happens to materials during a fire in terms of properties?
What happens to materials during a fire in terms of properties?
How are convolutional neural networks (CNN) primarily utilized in artificial intelligence?
How are convolutional neural networks (CNN) primarily utilized in artificial intelligence?
What is a significant knowledge gap identified in the context of shear connections under fire conditions?
What is a significant knowledge gap identified in the context of shear connections under fire conditions?
What is typically the first step in performance-based design (PBD) for structural fire engineering?
What is typically the first step in performance-based design (PBD) for structural fire engineering?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the decay period of a fire?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the decay period of a fire?
What element of AI is compared to a human brain in the study of neural networks?
What element of AI is compared to a human brain in the study of neural networks?
What is one of the safety considerations taken during the NIST testing?
What is one of the safety considerations taken during the NIST testing?
What is the relationship between structural response and fire in performance-based design?
What is the relationship between structural response and fire in performance-based design?
Which fire protection principle is primarily associated with preventing fire spread?
Which fire protection principle is primarily associated with preventing fire spread?
What kind of neural network is especially powerful in classifying images?
What kind of neural network is especially powerful in classifying images?
What type of structural system carries weight through external frames?
What type of structural system carries weight through external frames?
Flashcards
Embodied Carbon
Embodied Carbon
The total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the materials and construction processes throughout a building's lifecycle.
Operational Carbon
Operational Carbon
The GHG emissions associated with the energy and water used to operate a building.
Upfront Carbon
Upfront Carbon
The GHG emissions up to the completion of a building's construction.
Whole Life Carbon
Whole Life Carbon
Signup and view all the flashcards
Structural Embodied Carbon
Structural Embodied Carbon
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lifecycle Assessment
Lifecycle Assessment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Structural Grid
Structural Grid
Signup and view all the flashcards
Moment Frame
Moment Frame
Signup and view all the flashcards
Load Bearing Walls
Load Bearing Walls
Signup and view all the flashcards
Shear Walls
Shear Walls
Signup and view all the flashcards
Free Plan System
Free Plan System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Braced Frame
Braced Frame
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cantilever
Cantilever
Signup and view all the flashcards
Design for Deconstruction
Design for Deconstruction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Material Passport
Material Passport
Signup and view all the flashcards
Design Loads
Design Loads
Signup and view all the flashcards
Utilization Ratio (UR)
Utilization Ratio (UR)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Modern Methods of Construction (MMC)
Modern Methods of Construction (MMC)
Signup and view all the flashcards
2D Panels
2D Panels
Signup and view all the flashcards
3D Modules
3D Modules
Signup and view all the flashcards
Thermal Mass
Thermal Mass
Signup and view all the flashcards
Earth or Loam
Earth or Loam
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mud Bricks (Adobe)
Mud Bricks (Adobe)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Rammed Earth
Rammed Earth
Signup and view all the flashcards
Wattle and Daub
Wattle and Daub
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vernacular Architecture
Vernacular Architecture
Signup and view all the flashcards
Tea House Design
Tea House Design
Signup and view all the flashcards
Wake-up School, Nakivale, Uganda
Wake-up School, Nakivale, Uganda
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ah Yone Oo School, Mae Sot
Ah Yone Oo School, Mae Sot
Signup and view all the flashcards
New Day Learning Center, Mae Sot
New Day Learning Center, Mae Sot
Signup and view all the flashcards
Irrawaddy Flower Garden, Mae Sot
Irrawaddy Flower Garden, Mae Sot
Signup and view all the flashcards
Loam
Loam
Signup and view all the flashcards
Compaction
Compaction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bespoke Wax Finishing
Bespoke Wax Finishing
Signup and view all the flashcards
Capping
Capping
Signup and view all the flashcards
Trass-Lime Mortar
Trass-Lime Mortar
Signup and view all the flashcards
Reinforced Concrete Ring Beam
Reinforced Concrete Ring Beam
Signup and view all the flashcards
Skirting
Skirting
Signup and view all the flashcards
Erosion Checks
Erosion Checks
Signup and view all the flashcards
Temporary Dormitories
Temporary Dormitories
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adobe Bricks
Adobe Bricks
Signup and view all the flashcards
Simple Architecture
Simple Architecture
Signup and view all the flashcards
Social Architecture
Social Architecture
Signup and view all the flashcards
Frame with a Roof
Frame with a Roof
Signup and view all the flashcards
Flammable Roof
Flammable Roof
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is BIM?
What is BIM?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is 4D BIM?
What is 4D BIM?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is 5D BIM?
What is 5D BIM?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Explain 8D BIM.
Explain 8D BIM.
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a BIM Object?
What is a BIM Object?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are BIM Authoring Tools?
What are BIM Authoring Tools?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the main difference between a CAD model and a BIM model?
What is the main difference between a CAD model and a BIM model?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do information sources differ between CAD and BIM?
How do information sources differ between CAD and BIM?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How does BIM promote collaboration?
How does BIM promote collaboration?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How does BIM automate data flow?
How does BIM automate data flow?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Base Isolation
Base Isolation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Energy Dissipation
Energy Dissipation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Viscous Dampers
Viscous Dampers
Signup and view all the flashcards
C.A.S.E. Project
C.A.S.E. Project
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adding Isolators to Existing Buildings
Adding Isolators to Existing Buildings
Signup and view all the flashcards
Closed-sided module
Closed-sided module
Signup and view all the flashcards
Open-sided module
Open-sided module
Signup and view all the flashcards
Prefabrication
Prefabrication
Signup and view all the flashcards
Modular Construction
Modular Construction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Transportation Limits
Transportation Limits
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cellular Buildings
Cellular Buildings
Signup and view all the flashcards
Large-spaced Buildings
Large-spaced Buildings
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cladding and Roofing
Cladding and Roofing
Signup and view all the flashcards
Circulation
Circulation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Modular Plant Rooms
Modular Plant Rooms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Technical Performance
Technical Performance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Structural Design in Modules
Structural Design in Modules
Signup and view all the flashcards
Site Raised Benefits
Site Raised Benefits
Signup and view all the flashcards
Modular Construction and Build Programmes
Modular Construction and Build Programmes
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pre-production Prototyping
Pre-production Prototyping
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fire Resistance (R)
Fire Resistance (R)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fire Integrity (E)
Fire Integrity (E)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fire Insulation (I)
Fire Insulation (I)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fire Test (REI)
Fire Test (REI)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Standard Fire Design
Standard Fire Design
Signup and view all the flashcards
Earthquake Magnitude
Earthquake Magnitude
Signup and view all the flashcards
Earthquake Intensity
Earthquake Intensity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Natural Period of Vibration (NPoV)
Natural Period of Vibration (NPoV)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Inertia Forces
Inertia Forces
Signup and view all the flashcards
Center of Mass (CoM)
Center of Mass (CoM)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Center of Resistance (CoR)
Center of Resistance (CoR)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Soft Storey
Soft Storey
Signup and view all the flashcards
Redundancy in Structures
Redundancy in Structures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Structural Dampers
Structural Dampers
Signup and view all the flashcards
Non-Volumetric Preassembly
Non-Volumetric Preassembly
Signup and view all the flashcards
Diagonal Dampers
Diagonal Dampers
Signup and view all the flashcards
Preassembled Components and Sub-Assemblies
Preassembled Components and Sub-Assemblies
Signup and view all the flashcards
Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs)
Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Standardization
Standardization
Signup and view all the flashcards
Generic Standardization
Generic Standardization
Signup and view all the flashcards
Client Standardization
Client Standardization
Signup and view all the flashcards
Resilient Design
Resilient Design
Signup and view all the flashcards
Torsional Effects
Torsional Effects
Signup and view all the flashcards
Flood Resistance
Flood Resistance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Flood Resilience
Flood Resilience
Signup and view all the flashcards
Flood Avoidance
Flood Avoidance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Silk Roads
Silk Roads
Signup and view all the flashcards
Caravanserais
Caravanserais
Signup and view all the flashcards
VR Reconstruction
VR Reconstruction
Signup and view all the flashcards
AI Driven Soundscape
AI Driven Soundscape
Signup and view all the flashcards
Layers of Fire Protection
Layers of Fire Protection
Signup and view all the flashcards
Structural Resistance
Structural Resistance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Structure Resistance Failure
Structure Resistance Failure
Signup and view all the flashcards
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Transfer Learning
Transfer Learning
Signup and view all the flashcards
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Diffusion Models
Diffusion Models
Signup and view all the flashcards
Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
Signup and view all the flashcards
Building Façade Classification
Building Façade Classification
Signup and view all the flashcards
GANs for Building Facades
GANs for Building Facades
Signup and view all the flashcards
FrankenGAN
FrankenGAN
Signup and view all the flashcards
ArchiGAN
ArchiGAN
Signup and view all the flashcards
Daylight GAN
Daylight GAN
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fire Resistance
Fire Resistance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Time to Flashover
Time to Flashover
Signup and view all the flashcards
Performance Based Design (PBD)
Performance Based Design (PBD)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Design Fire
Design Fire
Signup and view all the flashcards
Required Safe Egress Time (RSET)
Required Safe Egress Time (RSET)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Available Safe Egress Time (ASET)
Available Safe Egress Time (ASET)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Turing Test
Turing Test
Signup and view all the flashcards
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Machine Learning
Machine Learning
Signup and view all the flashcards
Deep Neural Network
Deep Neural Network
Signup and view all the flashcards
Image Matrix
Image Matrix
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pixel Intensity
Pixel Intensity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Three Channel Matrix
Three Channel Matrix
Signup and view all the flashcards
Feature Extraction
Feature Extraction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Structural Embodied Carbon Assessment and Reporting
- Structural Strategy Decisions (Impacting Embodied Carbon): Grids and layouts, structural system, material selection, ground conditions, floor/roof systems, and on-site/off-site construction.
Grids and Structural Layouts
- Larger spans necessitate deeper structural systems for support.
- In design, grids are used for organizing and regulating structural element placement (columns, walls).
Material Selection
- Material selection considerations include beam depth and connection types (pinned or fixed).
- Pinned connections are often simpler and less expensive than fixed ones.
Structural Systems
- Common systems include moment frames/load-bearing walls, shear walls/load-bearing walls, free plan/hybrid systems, and braced frames.
- Cantilevers, like inverted beams, Vierendeel trusses, and cantilevered trusses, are supported by one or more cores that transmit load to the foundation.
Floor and Roof Systems
- Roof structures offer diverse solutions due to lower loads, including conventional beams (steel, timber, concrete), trusses (timber/steel hybrids), portal frames (steel, timber, concrete), cable-stayed roofs, arched roofs, concrete shell roofs, timber grid shell roofs, membrane structures, and tensegrity structures.
Ground Conditions
- Foundations and retaining walls are essential considerations.
On-Site/Off-Site Construction
- Prefabrication can simplify construction and reduce waste.
Measuring Embodied Carbon (EC)
- Lifecycle Assessment (LCA): Quantifies emissions and environmental impacts throughout an asset's lifetime.
- Embodied Carbon (EC): Greenhouse gas emissions associated with materials and construction processes. Considers product, construction, use, and end-of-life impacts.
- Operational Carbon (OC): GHG emissions from energy and water use during asset operation.
- Upfront Carbon: GHG emissions up to practical completion (material production and construction).
- Whole Life Carbon: EC + OC.
- Calculations: Summing material quantities (kg) multiplied by their carbon factors (kgCO2e/kg).
- Reporting: Using Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) with 5-year validity and independent verification. Carbon factor databases are available.
- Stages A1-A5: Raw material supply, material transport, manufacturing, transport to site, and construction/installation, respectively. Construction waste and site activities contribute to carbon emission. Prefabrication minimizes waste.
- Normalization: Calculating EC per unit area (kgCO2e/m²) for buildings, refurbishments, and extensions.
SCORS Rating System
- Rates superstructure and substructure emissions.
- Aim is to move the average rating from the "red" zone to "C" using strategies like reuse/refurbishment.
LISA Carbon Calculator
- A tool for embodied carbon calculation.
Net-Zero Carbon Strategies
- Hierarchy: Build nothing (reuse), build less (reuse/repurpose), build clever (minimize EC), build efficiently (avoid over-ordering), specify low carbon, and offset remaining emissions.
- Build Nothing: Maximize reuse; design for deconstruction to maximize reuse/repurposing.
- Build Less: Avoid waste, use existing structures, and reduce unnecessary building height ("vanity height").
- Build Clever: Optimize reuse of existing building elements, select the most efficient materials, and minimize structural complexity.
Earth Architecture
- Techniques: Mud bricks (adobe), rammed earth, and wattle and daub.
- Advantages: Environmentally friendly, cost effective, and suitable for DIY construction.
- Disadvantages: Material heterogeneity, shrinkage during drying, and susceptibility to water damage.
BIM (Building Information Modeling)
- Relates data to geometrical objects (3D models).
- Includes detailed building information (design, construction, cost, time, maintenance).
- Dimensions: 3D (visualization), 4D (scheduling), 5D (cost), 6D (facility management), 7D (energy), 8D (safety), and nD (any info).
- From CAD to BIM: Shift from generic geometry to object-based modeling with information.
- BIM Objects: Intelligent objects with visualization, metadata, and behavioral data, classified into component and material objects.
- BIM Authoring Tools: Software for creating, managing, and sharing BIM models.
Prefabrication and Modular Construction
- Modular Construction: Dividing a building into prefabricated modules for factory production and on-site assembly.
- Module Types: Closed-sided and open-sided modules, each suitable for different building types. Modules have steel, concrete, or hybrid structures.
- Transportation: Considerations for weight, height, and size limit module dimensions.
- Building Forms: Cellular/large-spaced building applications. Modules can be configured into various building geometries.
- Benefits: Reduced construction time, improved quality control, cost-effectiveness, and reduced waste.
Technologies for Disaster Resilience
- Natural Disasters: Meteorological (hurricanes, floods) and geophysical (earthquakes, tsunamis).
- Earthquake Design: Intensity vs. magnitude; building codes based on infrequent but high-intensity events.
- Seismic Hazard: Structural response to inertial forces, natural period of vibration (NPoV), and load-resisting capacity.
- Passive Technologies: Base isolation, energy dissipation, and tuned mass dampers to mitigate building damage during natural events.
- Flood Resilience: Flood resistance, resilience, and avoidance strategies for flood-prone areas.
Immersive Heritage
- Silk Roads: Ancient trade routes connecting Asia and Europe.
- Caravanserais: Milestones along the Silk Roads (hotels, rest stops).
- VR/AI: Used for immersive historical reconstructions, auditory experience.
Structural Fire Engineering
- Layers of Protection: Prevention, detection, evacuation, compartmentation, suppression, and structural resistance.
- Failure Mechanisms: Structural elements failing under fire exposure (e.g., steel melting or concrete cracking).
- Standards: Prescriptive design (Eurocode 3) may be insufficient to account for complex fire behaviors.
- Performance-Based Design (PBD): More realistic approach, considering full-scale fire scenario, heat transfer, and structural response.
- Material Properties: How material properties change during fire (strength, deflection, thermal expansion/contraction).
- BIM application: Modeling evacuation routes and structural compliance.
Architecture in the Age of AI
- AI's Role: Tools like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) help architectural design through façade classification, house style identification, and generating massing data.
- Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs): Assist in generating building facades, massing, interior space organization and visualizations from texts, and annual daylight forecasts.
- Applications: AI supports various design aspects, from facade styles to building massing and internal layout generation, leading to more efficient and innovative design solutions.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of earthquake engineering, including base isolation and energy dissipation devices. This quiz covers critical aspects of how buildings can be designed to withstand seismic activity.
