Earth Sciences and Astronomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main criterion for elements to be placed in the same group on the periodic table?

  • Similar number of protons
  • Similar number of neutrons
  • Similar number of electrons in the outermost shell (correct)
  • Similar atomic mass

Which animal is known as 'Panthera leo' in scientific terms?

  • Tiger
  • Wolf
  • Lion (correct)
  • Coyote

What is the scientific name for a Red Kangaroo?

  • Macropus rufus (correct)
  • Urocyon cinereoargenteus
  • Felis catus
  • Canis lupus familiaris

How many main groups of elements are there on the periodic table?

<p>8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animal belongs to the scientific name 'Canis lupus'?

<p>Wolf (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of landscape is mainly influenced by water according to the provided text?

<p><strong>Glacial</strong> landscapes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between halogens and alkali metals?

<p>They react to produce various types of salt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the noble gases in Group 18 of the periodic table?

<p>Highly unreactive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of an element determined by?

<p>Number of protons in the nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group includes minerals like halite (common salt)?

<p>Halides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental building block for all silicate minerals?

<p>Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes a mineral unique in terms of identification?

<p>Its unique set of properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do isotopes of an element differ in?

<p>Total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of elements is known for being hard yet malleable, shiny, and having good conductivity?

<p>Transition metals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which elements typically carry a +1 charge and exhibit strong electropositivity?

<p>Alkali metals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of elements is known for possessing two electrons in their outermost energy level?

<p>Alkaline-earth metals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of elements are sometimes referred to as 'semimetals' or 'poor metals'?

<p>Metalloids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which elements form the staircase that represents the gradual transition from metals to nonmetals?

<p>Metalloids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Only thorium (Th) and uranium (U) are naturally abundant on Earth' refers to which group of elements?

<p>Actinides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process forms igneous rock from magma?

<p>Crystallization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor greatly influences the size of mineral crystals in igneous rock?

<p>Rate of cooling of magma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant chemical sedimentary rock composed of?

<p>Calcite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the physical disintegration of material into smaller fragments?

<p>Mechanical weathering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of metamorphism involves rock being subjected to great pressure and heat?

<p>Regional metamorphism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the agents of metamorphism?

<p>Heat, pressure, chemically active fluids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sedimentary rocks are classified by particle size?

<p>Detrital sedimentary rocks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can change the composition of magma and cause more than one rock type to form from a common parent magma?

<p>Crystal settling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic igneous rock texture?

<p>Foliated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature used in the interpretation of Earth history is the single most characteristic feature in sedimentary rocks?

<p>Strata or beds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor controlling the movement of groundwater?

<p>Permeability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does a spring occur?

<p>When the water table intersects the land surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of wells create cones of depression in the water table?

<p>Wells bored into the zone of saturation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of topography are sinkholes commonly found?

<p>Karst topography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes most caverns to form in limestone below the water table?

<p>Dissolution by acidic groundwater (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental problem is caused by overuse of groundwater for agriculture?

<p>Intensive irrigation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mountain building process involves the convergence of an oceanic plate and a plate with continental crust?

<p>Continental collision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of orogenesis involves smaller crustal fragments colliding and merging with continental margins?

<p>Accretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Andean-type mountain building, what type of plate convergence is involved?

<p>Oceanic plate - Continental plate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process collectively results in the formation of mountains by the collision and merging of smaller crustal fragments?

<p>Accretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mountainous regions has formed along some plate boundaries through accretion?

<p>Himalayas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major objections to the continental drift hypothesis?

<p>It failed to explain the distribution of ancient climates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Wegener's idea of continental drift differ from the theory of plate tectonics?

<p>He proposed that continents broke through the oceanic crust in plate tectonics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of divergent plate boundaries?

<p>Plates move apart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supports the theory of plate tectonics based on the provided text?

<p>The global distribution of earthquakes along plate boundaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model is described as involving convection cells within the mantle moving the plates?

<p>'Convection cell' model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary force responsible for mass wasting?

<p>Gravity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that triggers mass wasting?

<p>Oversteepening (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a process involved in the water cycle?

<p>Infiltration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines a stream's velocity?

<p>Stream's discharge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest point to which a stream may erode its channel called?

<p>Base level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a stream when base level is lowered?

<p>Erosion increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of valleys often contain waterfalls and rapids due to downcutting?

<p>Narrow V-shaped valleys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a stream has cut its channel closer to base level, what type of valley floor is produced?

<p>Flat valley floor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can worsen or even cause floods triggered by heavy rains or snowmelt?

<p>Human interference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological actions are associated with groundwater in terms of creating landforms?

<p>Formation of caves and sinkholes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main groups of seismic waves generated during an earthquake?

<p>Surface and body waves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases?

<p>Primary (P) waves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake called?

<p>Epicenter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined using the Richter scale?

<p>By measuring the amplitude of the largest seismic wave recorded (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to assess the damage from an earthquake at a specific location?

<p>Mercalli intensity scale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does earthquake intensity NOT depend on?

<p>Time of day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the amount of destruction accompanying an earthquake?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of glacial movement that involves the whole ice mass sliding along the ground?

<p>Pressure-induced flow of ice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glacial erosional feature is characterized by a steep-sided, half-bowl-shaped valley head?

<p>Cirques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for sediment laid down by meltwater from a glacier?

<p>Stratified drift (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are deserts in the middle latitudes distant from oceans?

<p>Shielded by mountains from marine air masses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which effect of the Ice Age glaciers resulted in changes in stream and river courses?

<p>Adjustment of the crust by rebounding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most far-reaching effect of the Ice Age in the sea?

<p>Global sea level changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Deflation' in desert landscapes refers to:

<p>Lifting and removal of loose material by wind (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Loess' is best described as:

<p>Silt blankets carried by wind in suspension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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