Earth Sciences and Astronomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main criterion for elements to be placed in the same group on the periodic table?

  • Similar number of protons
  • Similar number of neutrons
  • Similar number of electrons in the outermost shell (correct)
  • Similar atomic mass
  • Which animal is known as 'Panthera leo' in scientific terms?

  • Tiger
  • Wolf
  • Lion (correct)
  • Coyote
  • What is the scientific name for a Red Kangaroo?

  • Macropus rufus (correct)
  • Urocyon cinereoargenteus
  • Felis catus
  • Canis lupus familiaris
  • How many main groups of elements are there on the periodic table?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal belongs to the scientific name 'Canis lupus'?

    <p>Wolf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of landscape is mainly influenced by water according to the provided text?

    <p><strong>Glacial</strong> landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between halogens and alkali metals?

    <p>They react to produce various types of salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the noble gases in Group 18 of the periodic table?

    <p>Highly unreactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic number of an element determined by?

    <p>Number of protons in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group includes minerals like halite (common salt)?

    <p>Halides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental building block for all silicate minerals?

    <p>Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes a mineral unique in terms of identification?

    <p>Its unique set of properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do isotopes of an element differ in?

    <p>Total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of elements is known for being hard yet malleable, shiny, and having good conductivity?

    <p>Transition metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements typically carry a +1 charge and exhibit strong electropositivity?

    <p>Alkali metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of elements is known for possessing two electrons in their outermost energy level?

    <p>Alkaline-earth metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of elements are sometimes referred to as 'semimetals' or 'poor metals'?

    <p>Metalloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements form the staircase that represents the gradual transition from metals to nonmetals?

    <p>Metalloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Only thorium (Th) and uranium (U) are naturally abundant on Earth' refers to which group of elements?

    <p>Actinides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process forms igneous rock from magma?

    <p>Crystallization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor greatly influences the size of mineral crystals in igneous rock?

    <p>Rate of cooling of magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant chemical sedimentary rock composed of?

    <p>Calcite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the physical disintegration of material into smaller fragments?

    <p>Mechanical weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of metamorphism involves rock being subjected to great pressure and heat?

    <p>Regional metamorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the agents of metamorphism?

    <p>Heat, pressure, chemically active fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sedimentary rocks are classified by particle size?

    <p>Detrital sedimentary rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can change the composition of magma and cause more than one rock type to form from a common parent magma?

    <p>Crystal settling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a basic igneous rock texture?

    <p>Foliated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature used in the interpretation of Earth history is the single most characteristic feature in sedimentary rocks?

    <p>Strata or beds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor controlling the movement of groundwater?

    <p>Permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does a spring occur?

    <p>When the water table intersects the land surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wells create cones of depression in the water table?

    <p>Wells bored into the zone of saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of topography are sinkholes commonly found?

    <p>Karst topography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes most caverns to form in limestone below the water table?

    <p>Dissolution by acidic groundwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental problem is caused by overuse of groundwater for agriculture?

    <p>Intensive irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mountain building process involves the convergence of an oceanic plate and a plate with continental crust?

    <p>Continental collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of orogenesis involves smaller crustal fragments colliding and merging with continental margins?

    <p>Accretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Andean-type mountain building, what type of plate convergence is involved?

    <p>Oceanic plate - Continental plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process collectively results in the formation of mountains by the collision and merging of smaller crustal fragments?

    <p>Accretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mountainous regions has formed along some plate boundaries through accretion?

    <p>Himalayas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the major objections to the continental drift hypothesis?

    <p>It failed to explain the distribution of ancient climates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Wegener's idea of continental drift differ from the theory of plate tectonics?

    <p>He proposed that continents broke through the oceanic crust in plate tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of divergent plate boundaries?

    <p>Plates move apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What supports the theory of plate tectonics based on the provided text?

    <p>The global distribution of earthquakes along plate boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model is described as involving convection cells within the mantle moving the plates?

    <p>'Convection cell' model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force responsible for mass wasting?

    <p>Gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that triggers mass wasting?

    <p>Oversteepening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a process involved in the water cycle?

    <p>Infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines a stream's velocity?

    <p>Stream's discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest point to which a stream may erode its channel called?

    <p>Base level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a stream when base level is lowered?

    <p>Erosion increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of valleys often contain waterfalls and rapids due to downcutting?

    <p>Narrow V-shaped valleys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a stream has cut its channel closer to base level, what type of valley floor is produced?

    <p>Flat valley floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can worsen or even cause floods triggered by heavy rains or snowmelt?

    <p>Human interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological actions are associated with groundwater in terms of creating landforms?

    <p>Formation of caves and sinkholes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main groups of seismic waves generated during an earthquake?

    <p>Surface and body waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases?

    <p>Primary (P) waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake called?

    <p>Epicenter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined using the Richter scale?

    <p>By measuring the amplitude of the largest seismic wave recorded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to assess the damage from an earthquake at a specific location?

    <p>Mercalli intensity scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does earthquake intensity NOT depend on?

    <p>Time of day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the amount of destruction accompanying an earthquake?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of glacial movement that involves the whole ice mass sliding along the ground?

    <p>Pressure-induced flow of ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glacial erosional feature is characterized by a steep-sided, half-bowl-shaped valley head?

    <p>Cirques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for sediment laid down by meltwater from a glacier?

    <p>Stratified drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are deserts in the middle latitudes distant from oceans?

    <p>Shielded by mountains from marine air masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect of the Ice Age glaciers resulted in changes in stream and river courses?

    <p>Adjustment of the crust by rebounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most far-reaching effect of the Ice Age in the sea?

    <p>Global sea level changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Deflation' in desert landscapes refers to:

    <p>Lifting and removal of loose material by wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Loess' is best described as:

    <p>Silt blankets carried by wind in suspension</p> Signup and view all the answers

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