Earth Science: Weathering and Soil Conservation

Weathering is the process of breaking down or dissolving rocks and minerals on the surface of Earth, leading to the formation of soil and altering the landscape.

Pressure and heat from the weight of rocks on decaying organic materials.

Soil erosion is the gradual process where water or wind detaches and removes soil particles. One natural factor contributing to soil erosion is wind.

<p>Reversible change is a change that can be reversed to regain the original substance; an example is the melting of wax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic material, found in the top layer, enriches the soil with nutrients and supports plant growth through decomposition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immiscible refers to substances that do not mix with each other, such as sand and oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soil conservation practices help prevent soil degradation and enhance soil fertility, ensuring sustainable agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature, stirring, and particle size influence solubility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terrace farming reduces the amount and speed of water moving across the soil surface, which minimizes soil erosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water erosion leads to the loss of fertile topsoil, significantly reducing the agricultural potential of the affected land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conductors are materials that allow electrical or thermal energy to pass through easily, while insulators do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overgrazing removes grass and roots, which weakens the topsoil and makes it more susceptible to erosion by wind and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crop rotation improves water use efficiency and increases organic matter, enhancing soil structure and moisture retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hot water causes the metal lid to expand, making it easier to open.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deforestation is the large-scale removal of trees, which destabilizes soil and increases erosion due to the loss of root systems that hold it together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cover crops protect the soil from erosion by covering it with plant roots, preventing wind and water from displacing topsoil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A quarry is a large open area from which minerals are extracted from the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vinegar is miscible in water, meaning it dissolves completely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water runoff and lack of vegetation are two causes of soil erosion besides wind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constructing embankments along riverbanks can prevent soil erosion by stabilizing the soil and controlling water flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Burning a candle wick is irreversible because the wax turns into gas and cannot be converted back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metallurgy is the process of extracting metals from their ores through physical and chemical methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Igneous rocks are formed from cooled lava, while sedimentary rocks form in layers from deposited sediments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soil provides food, purifies water, and protects against flooding, making it essential for survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stirring increases the rate of solubility by dispersing the solute particles throughout the solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A good conductor of heat easily transfers heat, as seen in metals like copper and aluminum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metamorphism involves physical and chemical changes due to heat and pressure, transforming existing igneous or sedimentary rocks into metamorphic rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mineral associated with haematite is iron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Petroleum is formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms that undergo heat and pressure over millions of years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volcanoes erupt, releasing lava that cools and solidifies to form igneous rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong winds and water erosion from rainfall are the two major factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overgrazing depletes grass and roots, making the topsoil vulnerable to erosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deforestation is the large-scale removal of trees, which weakens soil structure by uprooting it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A quarry is a large open area where minerals are extracted from the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metallurgy is the process of extracting metals from their ores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sedimentary rocks are formed in layers through the accumulation of sediments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metamorphic rocks are formed through physical and chemical changes due to heat and pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haematite is associated with iron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soil erosion occurs when water or wind detaches and removes soil particles. One contributing factor is wind, which carries away topsoil when the land is not covered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The organic layer is crucial as it contains decomposed materials like twigs and leaves, providing nutrients for plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soil conservation practices aim to protect the soil from degradation and maintain its fertility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terrace farming reduces the speed and amount of water moving across the soil surface, greatly lowering soil erosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crop rotation improves water use efficiency and increases organic matter, enhancing soil structure and moisture retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cover crops prevent topsoil erosion by keeping soil covered, and windbreaks use trees to protect soil from being blown away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One cause of soil erosion is wind, which can carry away topsoil, leading to reduced soil fertility and crop yields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parent material serves as the foundation from which other soil layers develop, influencing soil characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The subsoil contains essential minerals and organic remains that support plant growth by providing nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Petroleum is formed by the pressure exerted by heat and the weight of rocks on dead plants and animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reversible change is one where the original substance can be recovered. Examples include melting of wax and the change of state of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An irreversible change is one that cannot be reversed back to the original substance. An example is the burning of a candle wick.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oil is immiscible with water, meaning they do not mix together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The factors affecting solubility include temperature, stirring, and particle size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Good conductors of heat include iron, copper, and silver, while insulators include rubber, wood, and cloth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Running hot water over the jam jar lid causes it to expand, making it easier to open.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A good electrical conductor is a substance that can carry electricity, like aluminum and copper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Miscible substances mix together fully, while immiscible substances do not mix effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rate of solute dissolution generally increases with higher temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers