Earth Science Quiz: Planet Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of terrestrial planets?

  • They are large and gaseous with many moons.
  • They rotate slowly and possess prominent rings.
  • They are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium.
  • They have high densities and are poor in ices. (correct)
  • What is a distinctive feature of the outer planets compared to the inner planets?

  • They are rocky and poor in gases.
  • They rotate rapidly and have many moons. (correct)
  • They are located closer to the sun than terrestrial planets.
  • They are smaller and have higher densities.
  • What is the density range for gaseous outer planets?

  • 3.9 g/cm³ or more
  • 1.6 g/cm³ or less (correct)
  • Approximately 2.5 g/cm³
  • Between 4.0 g/cm³ and 6.0 g/cm³
  • Which of the following planets is classified as a terrestrial planet?

    <p>Mars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the densities of inner planets compare to those of outer planets?

    <p>Inner planets have higher densities than 3.9 g/cm³.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location is home to some of the oldest known rocks on Earth?

    <p>Isukasia region of Greenland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by the hydrosphere?

    <p>71%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the Earth's spheres?

    <p>Episphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen?

    <p>78%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the atmosphere is primarily responsible for the occurrence of weather?

    <p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of rocks compose the Earth's crust?

    <p>Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the hydrosphere is true?

    <p>Freshwater makes up only 2.1% of the Earth's total water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer responsible for filtering UV rays?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gases is NOT a major component of the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of the atmospheric layers starting from the Earth's surface?

    <p>Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum depth reached by the deepest well drilled in the Earth's crust?

    <p>12 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate maximum thickness of the continental crust?

    <p>75 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate temperature at the bottom of the deepest well drilled into the Earth's crust?

    <p>190°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock fragments are known as xenoliths?

    <p>Foreign rock pieces from the mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic best describes the density of oceanic crust?

    <p>3.0 g/cm³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is part of the lithosphere?

    <p>Crust plus upper mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT typically used to study the Earth's interior?

    <p>Direct observation of the mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the asthenosphere is correct?

    <p>It flows and is part of the mantle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about volcanic activity is true?

    <p>Volcanic activity can reveal insights about the Earth's mantle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of the oceanic crust?

    <p>Under 200 million years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the Earth's Crust?

    <p>Continental crust is primarily composed of granite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the classification of Earth's layers based on physical properties?

    <p>Layers are categorized primarily by temperature and pressure variations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does self-gravity play in the formation of celestial bodies according to the Nebular Theory?

    <p>It contracts the gas cloud, initiating the formation process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is characterized as the outermost compositional layer?

    <p>The crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the conservation of angular momentum affect a gas cloud in the context of the Nebular Theory?

    <p>It pulls the gas cloud into a rotating disk structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of oceanic crust?

    <p>Basalt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of the Earth based on radiometric dating techniques?

    <p>Between 4.5 to 4.6 billion years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which incorrectly describes the physical layers of the Earth?

    <p>The asthenosphere is entirely solid and non-flowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when centrifugal force balances gravitational forces in the formation process?

    <p>A ring structure is formed around the central mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument is primarily used for radiometric dating to estimate the age of Earth?

    <p>Mass spectrometer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily composes the Earth's core?

    <p>Iron and nickel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of matter of the inner core due to extreme pressure?

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following descriptions about the Earth's core is accurate?

    <p>The core comprises 1/3 of Earth's mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of volume, how does the core compare to other layers of the Earth?

    <p>It occupies 1/8 of Earth's volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the mass of the Earth's core relate to the overall mass of the planet?

    <p>It comprises 1/3 of Earth's mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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