Questions and Answers
What do scientists often use classification systems for?
To organize their observations in a meaningful way.
What is an example of measuring by using a direct comparison with a standard?
Using a triple beam balance to determine mass.
What do science investigators initially use classification systems for?
To organize their observations in a meaningful way.
What constant did the student forget to do each day when collecting data?
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Find the percent deviation if students calculated the circumference of a globe to be 60.0 cm and the actual circumference is 63.0 cm.
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What is the formula for percent deviation?
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What is true about the densities of two particles made of the same material but different in size?
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What do classifying things help scientists to do?
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Find the percent error if a student calculated a density to be 3.0 g/cc and the real answer was 2.7 g/cc.
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Find the percent deviation if a student calculated a density to be 5.0 g/cc and the correct answer was 2.7 g/cc.
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Study Notes
Observations and Inferences
- Classification systems help scientists organize observations meaningfully.
- Inferences are conclusions derived from observations, such as sediments being deposited by a stream.
- Observable facts differ from inferences; for example, stating "It is clear enough to see the bottom" is an observation, whereas "It will dry up next summer" is an inference.
Measurement Techniques
- A triple beam balance provides a direct comparison with a standard for measuring mass.
- Consistent data collection, such as measuring at the same time each day, is crucial to establish reliable results.
Percent Deviation and Error Calculation
- To find percent deviation: [(\text{difference from accepted value}/\text{accepted value}) \times 100]
- If a student's calculated circumference is 60.0 cm while the actual is 63.0 cm, the percent deviation is 4.8%.
- Percent error is calculated similarly, for example, if a density of 3.0 g/cc was calculated versus a real answer of 2.7 g/cc, the percent error is 11.1%.
Scientific Classifications and Identifications
- Classifying materials assists in meaningful organization for scientific investigations.
- Different particle sizes made of the same material will have the same density, indicating that density does not change with size.
- An example inference is concluding that "the footprints were made by a dog" based on observable prints.
Understanding Variables and Consistency
- Maintaining a constant, such as environmental conditions during data collection, is essential for accurate results.
- Identifying differences in material properties is fundamental in geology, shown through observations of rocks and their weathering.
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Description
Prepare for Quiz 1 in Earth Science with these flashcards. This review covers essential concepts including observation organization and sediment classification. Test your understanding and readiness for the upcoming assessment.