Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main cause of the movement of tectonic plates?
What is the main cause of the movement of tectonic plates?
- Transform faulting
- Subduction of oceanic crust
- Mantle convection (correct)
- Rifting of continental plates
What is the process called when magma flows out at a rift and forms new oceanic crust?
What is the process called when magma flows out at a rift and forms new oceanic crust?
- Plate convergence
- Seafloor spreading (correct)
- Continental drift
- Subduction
How does paleomagnetism provide evidence for seafloor spreading?
How does paleomagnetism provide evidence for seafloor spreading?
- By measuring the temperature of oceanic rocks
- By studying the magnetic field orientation of rocks (correct)
- By observing the movement of continental plates
- By analyzing the age of tectonic plates
Which of the following features is often formed as a result of collision between tectonic plates?
Which of the following features is often formed as a result of collision between tectonic plates?
What occurs to the old hardened lava during the seafloor spreading process?
What occurs to the old hardened lava during the seafloor spreading process?
What part of the world did Laurasia primarily include?
What part of the world did Laurasia primarily include?
Which ocean separated Laurasia and Gondwana?
Which ocean separated Laurasia and Gondwana?
What major geological feature was formed when India collided with Asia?
What major geological feature was formed when India collided with Asia?
What theory did Harry Hess propose regarding the movement of the Earth's surface?
What theory did Harry Hess propose regarding the movement of the Earth's surface?
What process explains the movement of magma that leads to the formation of new sea floor?
What process explains the movement of magma that leads to the formation of new sea floor?
Which statement about the ocean floor is true?
Which statement about the ocean floor is true?
What characteristic of the Earth's mantle allows for the process of sea floor spreading?
What characteristic of the Earth's mantle allows for the process of sea floor spreading?
Which continental landmass was originally joined to Antarctica?
Which continental landmass was originally joined to Antarctica?
Who first speculated the idea of continental drift?
Who first speculated the idea of continental drift?
What name did Alfred Wegener give to the large landmass formed by continental collisions?
What name did Alfred Wegener give to the large landmass formed by continental collisions?
What type of fold occurs when the two limbs of a fold are still horizontal?
What type of fold occurs when the two limbs of a fold are still horizontal?
Which process refers to the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other?
Which process refers to the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other?
What occurs during sea-floor spreading?
What occurs during sea-floor spreading?
During which geological era did Pangea begin to break apart?
During which geological era did Pangea begin to break apart?
What is a characteristic of anticlines in geological structure?
What is a characteristic of anticlines in geological structure?
What geological feature is primarily formed through the process of tectonic plate movement?
What geological feature is primarily formed through the process of tectonic plate movement?
Flashcards
Seafloor Spreading
Seafloor Spreading
The process where new oceanic crust forms at mid-ocean ridges and moves away from the ridge, causing the sea floor to spread.
Mid-ocean ridge
Mid-ocean ridge
A long chain of underwater mountains where new oceanic crust is formed
Mantle convection
Mantle convection
The movement of molten rock within the Earth's mantle, which drives plate tectonics.
Paleomagnetism
Paleomagnetism
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Oceanic Crust sinking
Oceanic Crust sinking
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Laurasia
Laurasia
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Gondwana
Gondwana
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Tethys Ocean
Tethys Ocean
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Plate Boundaries
Plate Boundaries
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Pangaea Breakup
Pangaea Breakup
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Ductile Deformation
Ductile Deformation
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Fold Types
Fold Types
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Monoclines
Monoclines
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Synclines
Synclines
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Anticlines
Anticlines
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Continental Drift
Continental Drift
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Pangea
Pangea
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What broke up Pangea?
What broke up Pangea?
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Study Notes
Earth Science Quarter 2 - Module 3: Rock Stress and Seafloor Spreading
- This module covers how rocks respond to different stresses (compression, tension, and shear), focusing on how seafloor spreading occurs.
- Students will learn to describe rock behavior under various stresses, identify different rock stress types and deformations, and explain seafloor spreading.
- Seafloor spreading involves the creation of new ocean floor at mid-ocean ridges, with older rocks moving away from the ridge.
- Evidence supporting seafloor spreading includes younger rocks at the mid-ocean ridge and older rocks farther away. Sediment thickness also supports this theory, with thinner sediments closer to the ridge.
- Convection currents in the mantle are the driving force behind plate movement and seafloor spreading.
- Rocks experience different types of stress:
- Lithostatic stress: Equal pressure from all directions, like water pressure.
- Differential stress: Unequal pressure, leading to tensional, compressional, and shear stresses.
- Tensional stress: Rocks are pulled apart.
- Compressional stress: Rocks are squeezed together.
- Shear stress: Rocks are pulled in opposite directions, causing slippage.
- Rock deformation can be elastic (reversible) or brittle (irreversible, leading to fractures).
- Faults are fractures in rocks with movement along them.
- Normal faults: Hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall (often related to tensional stress).
- Reverse faults: Hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall (often related to compressional stress).
- Strike-slip faults: Rocks slide horizontally past each other (often related to shear stress).
- Folds are bends in rock layers, caused by pressure.
- Anticlines: Upward-arching folds.
- Synclines: Downward-bending folds.
- Monoclines: Simple bends in relatively flat layers.
- The module also includes activities to identify different types of rock stress, rock deformation and the processes involved in seafloor spreading..
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