Earth Science: Plate Boundaries and Climate Factors
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant consequence of Canada's aging population?

  • Increased metropolitan development
  • Reduced interest in environmental issues
  • Decline in urban green spaces
  • Higher demand for healthcare services (correct)

    • How do urban gardens enhance livability in communities?

  • By generating more traffic congestion
  • By decreasing local wildlife populations
  • By increasing crime rates in urban areas
  • By promoting local food production (correct)

    • Which action could contribute to creating a more sustainable Toronto?

  • Reducing public transportation options
  • Increasing reliance on fossil fuels
  • Expanding the public transportation system (correct)
  • Encouraging longer commutes to work

    • What does the term 'liveability' encompass?

    <p>Overall quality of life in a location (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key role of advocating for sustainable land management?

    <p>Protecting local water sources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of chemical weathering?

    <p>Dissolution of minerals in rocks due to acid rain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a factor that influences a region's climate according to the LOWERN model?

    <p>Population density (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a tertiary industry?

    <p>Providing healthcare services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform region in Canada is characterized by ancient rock and erosion?

    <p>Canadian Shield (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spatial significance help to explain?

    <p>The reason behind the location of events or features (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of biological weathering?

    <p>Roots of trees breaking through rock layers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate boundary leads to the formation of mountains?

    <p>Convergent boundaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these best describes global population trends?

    <p>Demographic shifts affecting resource distribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ocean currents affect coastal climates?

    <p>They influence temperatures and humidity levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a location factor for industries?

    <p>Cultural attractions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of deforestation on the environment?

    <p>Affects climate change and biodiversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which climate type is influenced significantly by proximity to water bodies?

    <p>Maritime climate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'urbanization' refer to in global population trends?

    <p>Growth of populations in urban areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily influences the location of industries that rely on natural resources?

    <p>Availability of natural resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines tertiary industries?

    <p>Provision of services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best exemplifies a push factor in migration?

    <p>Political instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of environmental racism?

    <p>Increased pollution in marginalized communities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Demographic Transition Model illustrates the transition from high to low what?

    <p>Birth and death rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these energy sources is classified as renewable?

    <p>Solar power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why have Canadian populations mainly concentrated in the southern regions?

    <p>Warm climate and fertile land (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic attributed to livability?

    <p>Dense population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of human activities on climate in Canada?

    <p>More extreme weather patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes quaternary industries?

    <p>They provide technological and knowledge-based services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which issue is prevalent in the development of natural resources in Canada?

    <p>Environmental contamination from extraction processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Urbanization primarily refers to the movement of people towards which type of areas?

    <p>Urban centers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Canadian Shield is primarily composed of which type of rock?

    <p>Igneous rocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes demographic statistics?

    <p>They analyze characteristics like birth and death rates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome when tectonic plates converge?

    <p>Subduction or mountain formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does elevation typically affect climate?

    <p>Higher altitudes contribute to cooler temperatures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence climate according to the LOWERN acronym?

    <p>Microclimates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of climate is likely to be found far from oceans?

    <p>Continental climate with extreme temperature variations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform region in Canada is characterized by ancient, eroded mountains and mineral deposits?

    <p>Canadian Shield (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant effect did glaciation have on Canada’s landscape?

    <p>Formed features like valleys and fjords (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of climate change?

    <p>Rising sea levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do transform plate boundaries primarily cause?

    <p>Earthquakes due to horizontal sliding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tectonic Plate Boundaries

    • Earth's lithosphere is divided into plates moving on the asthenosphere
    • Three types of plate boundaries:
      • Divergent: Plates move apart, creating new crust (e.g., Mid-Atlantic Ridge)
      • Convergent: Plates collide, causing subduction or mountain building (e.g., Himalayas, Cascadia)
      • Transform: Plates slide past each other horizontally, leading to earthquakes (e.g., San Andreas Fault)

    LOWERN (Climate Factors)

    • LOWERN acronym describes climate influences:
      • Latitude: Affects temperature (farther from equator, colder)
      • Ocean currents: Modify coastal temperatures (warm/cold currents)
      • Winds and air masses: Influence temperature and precipitation
      • Elevation: Higher altitudes, cooler temperatures
      • Relief: Mountains affect air and moisture, creating dry/wet areas
      • Nearness to water: Moderates temperature (coastal areas, milder climates)

    Maritime vs. Continental Climates

    • Maritime: Ocean-influenced, moderate temperatures, high humidity (e.g., Vancouver)
    • Continental: Far from oceans, extreme temperature variations (e.g., Winnipeg)

    Climate Change

    • Long-term shifts in temperature, precipitation patterns, driven by human activity
    • Burning fossil fuels increase greenhouse gases, leading to global warming, extreme weather, and rising sea levels

    Landform Regions of Canada

    • Canadian Shield: Ancient, eroded mountains, rich minerals
    • Interior Plains: Flat, fertile land, ideal for agriculture
    • Appalachians: Older, eroded mountain range
    • Rocky Mountains: High, rugged mountains, influencing weather
    • Coastal Regions: Shaped by ocean currents and tides

    Glaciation

    • Periods when large ice sheets covered Earth
    • Glaciers shaped Canadian landscape (valleys, fjords, Great Lakes)
    • Wisconsin Glaciation significantly impacted modern topography

    Weathering

    • Process breaking down rocks (physical, chemical, biological)
      • Physical: Freeze-thaw cycles
      • Chemical: Acid rain dissolving rocks
      • Biological: Plant roots breaking rock
    • Recurring characteristics or behaviors (e.g., population growth, climate change)
    • Important for understanding socio-economic needs of regions

    Interrelationships

    • Connections between human activity, environment, and other factors
    • Example: Deforestation affects climate change and biodiversity

    Spatial Significance

    • Understanding why events/activities are located where they are
    • Geography influences location patterns (e.g., cities near water for trade)

    Location Factors

    • Reasons for industry/settlement location
      • Proximity to resources (e.g., forests, minerals)
      • Transportation access (e.g., ports, roads)
      • Climate
      • Labor availability
      • Markets for products

    Levels of Industries

    • Primary: Extracting raw materials (e.g., farming, mining)
    • Secondary: Manufacturing and processing (e.g., factories, construction)
    • Tertiary: Services (e.g., healthcare, education)
    • Quaternary: Information-based services (e.g., research, technology)
    • Growth, urbanization, and demographic shifts (affect resources, economies, societies)

    Population Density and Distribution

    • Density: People per unit area
    • Distribution: How people are spread across a region
    • Canada: Concentrated in southern regions due to climate and resources

    Canada’s Population Distribution

    • Concentrated along southern border (temperate climate, resources, jobs)
    • Northern parts have lower population densities (colder, less accessible)

    Demographic Statistics and the Demographic Transition Model

    • Track population characteristics (birth/death rates, age distribution)
    • Demographic Transition Model: Explains population transitions as societies develop

    Push/Pull Factors

    • Push: Conditions driving people away (e.g., lack of jobs, war)
    • Pull: Conditions attracting people (e.g., job opportunities)

    Renewable vs. Non-Renewable Energy Sources

    • Renewable: Replenished naturally (e.g., solar, wind)
    • Non-renewable: Finite (e.g., coal, oil) contribute to environmental issues

    Liveability

    • Quality of life in a place (affordable housing, healthcare, education, safety, green spaces, employment)

    Environmental Racism

    • Marginalized communities disproportionately affected by environmental hazards (e.g., pollution, poor waste management)

    Human Activities Impacting Climate in Canada

    • Burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial practices contribute to climate change in Canada. This leads to more extreme weather, melting glaciers, and rising sea levels.

    Physical Environment Influencing Industry Location in Canada

    • Industries locate near resources (mining, forestry, agriculture) or transportation (ports, major networks).

    Formation of Canada’s Landform Regions

    • Landforms shaped by geological processes (Precambrian Era – Canadian Shield, Paleozoic & Mesozoic Eras – mountains, last ice age – lakes and valleys)
    • Environmental impact of extraction (mining, oil sands) harming ecosystems, climate, and local communities.

    Canada’s Use of Natural Resources Affecting the World

    • Global implications of resource extraction (oil, timber, minerals) affects emissions and deforestation, impacting the environment globally.

    Benefits of Indigenous Land Protectors and Activists

    • Protecting ecosystems and biodiversity by advocating for sustainable land practices and opposing harmful projects (pipelines). Protecting water sources, wildlife, and forests benefits both local and global communities.

    Trend in Canadian Population

    • Aging population (baby boomers aging, declining birth rates) poses challenges with healthcare, pensions, and a smaller workforce.

    Connection Between Livability and Urban Gardens

    • Urban gardens improve air quality, provide fresh produce, reduce heat island effects, and offer community spaces. They enhance sustainability by encouraging local food production and reducing transportation.

    Making Toronto a More Sustainable City

    • Expanding public transportation reduces car usage, greenhouse gas emissions, and includes building transit lines, improving accessibility, and encouraging cycling/walking.

    Defining Liveability

    • Overall quality of life, considering access to essential services, environmental quality, affordability, safety, and social opportunities.

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    Description

    Explore the dynamics of tectonic plate boundaries and how they shape our planet. Additionally, learn about the LOWERN factors that influence climate and the differences between maritime and continental climates. This quiz will deepen your understanding of Earth science concepts.

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