Earth Science Module 9: Stratified Rocks
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Questions and Answers

What are the three types of rocks?

  • igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic (correct)
  • sedimentary, deposition, igneous
  • weathering, erosion, deposition
  • metamorphic, sedimentary, deposition

In which type of rock do most fossils appear?

  • igneous
  • metamorphic
  • sedimentary (correct)
  • deposition

Which type of rock is formed when bits of rocks are layered and cemented together?

  • igneous
  • deposition
  • sedimentary (correct)
  • metamorphic

Which of the following is NOT an example of sedimentary particles?

<p>limestone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to a series of processes on Earth's surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another?

<p>rock cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What step in the rock cycle would be required to change an igneous rock into a sedimentary rock?

<p>weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which process does layer upon layer of sediment build up and exert pressure on the layers below?

<p>compaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the moving of sediments from their original position called?

<p>erosion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the settling out of the sediment called?

<p>deposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

I. The layers or rocks are piled one on top of the other. II. Sedimentary rocks are formed particles by particles and bed by bed. III. In sequence of layered rock, a given bed must be younger than any bed on top of it.

<p>Statements I and III are true. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called where sediment is glued together when minerals are dissolved?

<p>cementation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the law of superposition?

<p>Older layers are generally deeper than more recent layers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a process that leads to the formation or deposition of rock layers?

<p>sedimentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT lead to the formation of rock layers?

<p>successive larva flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following principles states that all rock layers are continuous until they encounter other solid bodies that block their deposition?

<p>Law of Lateral Continuity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the description in column A with the appropriate term in column B.

<p>Types of rocks formed by the accumulation or deposition of minerals or organic particles at the Earth's surface = Strata The type of rock The Majesty of Petra is made of = Stratified Rocks It is the layering seen in the most sedimentary rocks and it is also the pattern of rock formation depicted in The Majesty of Petra = Sandstone A layer or a series of layers of rocks in the ground = Stratification Sedimentary rocks that are formed by accumulation and hardening of sediments over a period = Sedimentary rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stories can sedimentary rocks tell us?

<p>Sedimentary rocks can tell us about ancient environments, such as the climate, the kind of organisms that lived there, and the geological events that occurred in the past. They can also tell us about the history of Earth, as each layer of sediment represents a snapshot of a particular time in Earth's history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rocks are NOT recycled.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best defines a sedimentary rock?

<p>It is a layered rock formed by compaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Limestone is formed from layers of sand, shells and animal remains that have been compacted together. Which type of rock is a limestone?

<p>sedimentary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is used to form a sedimentary rock?

<p>Bits of sand and gravel form layers that turn into rock from pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rock usually contains fossils?

<p>sedimentary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do sediments come from?

<p>Rock weathering produces sediment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Law of Superposition?

<p>A sedimentary rock layer in its original position is older than the layer above it and younger than the layers below it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a cliff, where are the oldest layers of rocks made of sedimentary rocks usually found?

<p>at the bottom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are the processes of compaction and cementation commonly associated with?

<p>lithification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following do sedimentary rocks provide clues about?

<p>Earth surface conditions at the time the sediment was deposited. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is FALSE on how layers of rocks are formed?

<p>Sediments are deposited vertically by gravity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Superposition means that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, which of the following is true?

<p>the youngest rocks are on top (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following causes the formation of rock layers?

<p>erosion and weathering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An undeformed sedimentary layer is ______ than the layer above and ______ than the layer below.

<p>older, younger</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the Principle of Original Horizontality?

<p>Both b and c (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Types of Rocks

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic are the three main types of rocks.

Igneous Rock

Formed by the cooling and solidification of magma.

Sedimentary Rock

Formed from layers of sediment compacted and cemented together.

Metamorphic Rock

Formed from existing rocks altered by heat and pressure.

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Rock Cycle

A continuous process where rocks change from one type to another.

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Stratification

Layering of rocks, particularly sedimentary rocks.

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Sediment

Small pieces of rock, minerals, and organic material.

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Erosion

The process of wearing away and transporting rock.

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Weathering

The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces.

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Deposition

The settling of sediments in a new location.

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Compaction

The process of sediments pressing together.

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Cementation

The process of sediments gluing together.

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Law of Superposition

In undisturbed rock layers, the oldest layer is at the bottom.

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Law of Original Horizontality

Sedimentary rock layers are originally deposited horizontally.

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Law of Lateral Continuity

Rock layers are continuous unless interrupted.

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Strata

Individual layers of rock.

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Fossil

Evidence of past life preserved in rocks.

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Sedimentary Particles

Sand, gravel, mud and other materials that form sedimentary rocks.

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Conglomerate

A sedimentary rock made from gravel.

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Sandstone

A sedimentary rock made from sand.

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Mudstone/Shale

A sedimentary rock made from mud.

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Limestone

A sedimentary rock made from shells & animal remains.

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Study Notes

Earth Science for STEM - Quarter 2 - Module 9: How Layers of Rocks (Stratified Rocks) are Formed

  • This module covers stratification and how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed.
  • It includes the study of how these rocks relate to time and Earth's history by studying the record of past events.
  • The module's learning objectives include identifying different rock types and their formation, describing the formation of layered rocks (stratified rocks), and explaining the processes in the formation of sedimentary rocks.
  • The module is designed to improve understanding of stratification and how stratified rocks are formed.
  • It is a self-learning module (SLM) for students to continue their studies and learning activities at home.
  •  Pre-tests and post-tests are included to measure prior knowledge and check learning.
  •  Notes for teachers and parents are included with learning strategies and reminders.
  • The module uses the Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM).
  • The document is part of the Department of Education (DepEd) in the Philippines.
  • The document includes information on the Republic Act 8293 Copyright Law.
  • A Rock Cycle diagram is included in Activity 1 and shows the formation of the three basic types of rocks (Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary).
  • The module introduces sedimentary rocks, how they form, and details stratification. It includes the laws of superposition, original horizontality, and lateral continuity.
  • There are activities, questions, directions, and discussions throughout the various modules.
  • There is information of how rock layers form and the laws that describe these layers.
  •  Activities are designed to aid students in learning the concepts.

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Earth Science for STEM Quarter 2 Module 9 (Stratified Rocks) PDF

Description

This module delves into the formation of stratified rocks and their significance in understanding Earth's history. It covers rock types, sedimentary processes, and includes assessments for measuring comprehension. Designed for self-learning, it provides resources for both students and educators.

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