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Questions and Answers
What are the three main factors that contribute to metamorphism?
What are the three main factors that contribute to metamorphism?
What is the name of the process that occurs when different minerals in rock melt at different temperatures and pressures?
What is the name of the process that occurs when different minerals in rock melt at different temperatures and pressures?
Partial melting
Magma and lava are essentially the same thing, just found in different locations.
Magma and lava are essentially the same thing, just found in different locations.
True
Which type of magma is characterized by its low silica content and is responsible for nonexplosive volcanic eruptions?
Which type of magma is characterized by its low silica content and is responsible for nonexplosive volcanic eruptions?
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Which of the following is NOT a finding that supports the seafloor spreading theory?
Which of the following is NOT a finding that supports the seafloor spreading theory?
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What type of plate boundary involves the plates sliding past each other horizontally?
What type of plate boundary involves the plates sliding past each other horizontally?
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Which of these is NOT a type of stress that can affect rocks, resulting in faults?
Which of these is NOT a type of stress that can affect rocks, resulting in faults?
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What type of fault occurs when the hanging wall slips downward?
What type of fault occurs when the hanging wall slips downward?
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The Law of Superposition states that the oldest rock layers are found at the top of a rock sequence.
The Law of Superposition states that the oldest rock layers are found at the top of a rock sequence.
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The process of determining the age of rocks by measuring the relative amounts of parent and daughter isotopes is called ______.
The process of determining the age of rocks by measuring the relative amounts of parent and daughter isotopes is called ______.
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What are the two main types of geologic time?
What are the two main types of geologic time?
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Which of the following events is NOT considered a geologic hazard?
Which of the following events is NOT considered a geologic hazard?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of coastal erosion?
Which of the following is NOT a type of coastal erosion?
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Coastal protection efforts are always successful in preventing all erosion and submersion along coastlines.
Coastal protection efforts are always successful in preventing all erosion and submersion along coastlines.
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Study Notes
Metamorphism
- Heat is a major driving force behind metamorphism. Rocks may be exposed to intense heat from nearby magma bodies or due to burial deep within the Earth’s crust.
- Pressure also plays a key role. As rocks are buried deeper, the weight of overlying rocks creates enormous pressure, which can cause the minerals in the rock to recrystallize.
- Chemically active fluids can also contribute to metamorphism. These fluids can react with the minerals in the rock, altering their composition and structure.
Mineral Melting
- Partial melting is the process where different minerals in a rock melt at different temperatures and pressures, leaving behind a residue of unmelted minerals.
Magma & Lava
- Magma is molten rock found beneath the Earth’s surface.
- Lava is molten rock that has erupted onto the Earth’s surface.
Basaltic Magma
- Basaltic magma is characterized by its low silica content, which makes it relatively fluid and less likely to erupt explosively.
Seafloor Spreading Theory
- **The theory that the ocean floor is slowly spreading apart at mid-ocean ridges and creating new crust is supported by evidence such as the magnetic striping pattern on the seafloor, the age of oceanic crust, the presence of transform faults, and the discovery of deep-sea trenches.
Plate Boundaries
- Transform plate boundaries involve the plates sliding past each other horizontally, often causing earthquakes.
Rock Stress
- Tension, compression, and shear are the three main types of stress that can affect rocks and cause faults.
Fault Types
- Normal faults occur when the hanging wall slips downward relative to the footwall.
Law of Superposition
- The Law of Superposition states that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest layers are found at the bottom and the youngest layers are found at the top.
Radiometric Dating
- Radiometric dating is a method of determining the age of rocks by measuring the relative amounts of parent and daughter isotopes.
Geologic Time
- Relative time describes the order in which events occurred, while absolute time provides a numerical age for geologic events.
Geologic Hazards
- Natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, landslides, and meteorite impacts are all considered geologic hazards.
Coastal Erosion
- Types of coastal erosion include wave erosion, wind erosion, tidal erosion, and biological erosion, but glacial erosion is not a type of coastal erosion.
Coastal Protection
- Coastal protection efforts, though often effective, can't always prevent all erosion and submersion along coastlines.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of Earth's internal heat, magma formation, and partial melting. This quiz covers the sources of heat energy, the composition of magma, and the factors influencing magma formation. Test your understanding of these essential geological processes.
