Earth Science Lesson 1 Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?

A region around the Indian Ocean with frequent cyclones

A region in Africa with active volcanoes

A region around the Pacific Ocean prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions (correct)

A region in the Atlantic Ocean with frequent hurricanes

What is an earthquake?

A vibration of the Earth due to the rapid release of energy (correct)

A flood caused by a tsunami

A volcanic eruption

A tornado

What is a fault?

A volcanic crater

A mountain range

A crack in the Earth's crust where significant movement has occurred (correct)

A type of wave produced during an earthquake

Which of the following scales is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?

Richter scale Signup and view all the answers

What is the epicenter of an earthquake?

The surface directly above the focus Signup and view all the answers

What are seismic waves?

Vibrations that travel through the Earth's interior during an earthquake Signup and view all the answers

What is a tsunami?

A large ocean wave caused by underwater fault movement Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used to detect and measure seismic waves?

Seismograph Signup and view all the answers

What is a circular depression at the top of a volcano called?

Crater Signup and view all the answers

Which type of volcano is characterized as the smallest and most abundant?

Cinder Cone Signup and view all the answers

What is lithostatic pressure responsible for?

Keeping magma beneath the Earth's surface Signup and view all the answers

What classifies a volcano that hasn't erupted in over 10,000 years?

Extinct Signup and view all the answers

Which eruption type is characterized by non-explosive lava flows?

Effusive Signup and view all the answers

Which eruption type is recognized as the most explosive?

Plinian Signup and view all the answers

What type of eruption is caused by steam-blast rather than magma?

Phreatic Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of a Plinian eruption?

Tall ash columns up to 35 km Signup and view all the answers

Pyroclastic flows are associated with which type of eruption?

Plinian Signup and view all the answers

What does Alert Level 3 indicate in volcanic activity?

Magmatic Unrest Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of magma?

A molten mixture of rock, minerals, and dissolved gases beneath the Earth's surface Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to decreasing the viscosity of magma?

High temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of volcanic eruptions?

Water pollution Signup and view all the answers

What gas is commonly found dissolved in magma?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which gas released during volcanic eruptions contributes to atmospheric cooling?

Sulfur dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which volcanic deposit is classified as a large solid fragment ejected during an eruption?

Volcanic Bomb Signup and view all the answers

What does PAR stand for?

Philippine Area of Responsibility Signup and view all the answers

Which mountain range acts as a barrier weakening typhoons in the Philippines?

Sierra Madre Mountain Range Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for monitoring tropical cyclones in the PAR?

PAGASA Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a comet is composed of frozen water and gases?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a meteoroid and a meteorite?

Meteoroids orbit the sun; meteorites are fragments found on Earth Signup and view all the answers

Which volcano is known for being the most active in the Philippines?

Taal Volcano Signup and view all the answers

What is a volcano?

A rupture in the crust created by the eruption or seeping of magma from beneath the Earth’s surface Signup and view all the answers

Which type of volcano is characterized by alternating layers of lava flows and volcanic ash?

Composite Volcano (Stratovolcano) Signup and view all the answers

Which component is primarily responsible for converting geothermal energy into electricity?

Turbine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of geothermal power plant utilizes steam directly from geothermal reservoirs?

Dry Steam Power Plant Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable disadvantage of geothermal energy?

Expensive power plant costs Signup and view all the answers

Weather refers to which of the following?

Short-term atmospheric conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which climate type is predominantly found near the equator?

Tropical Signup and view all the answers

What directly influences the climate of a region?

Latitude Signup and view all the answers

El Niño phenomena is triggered by which condition?

The warming of the eastern Pacific Ocean Signup and view all the answers

What is the Coriolis Effect primarily responsible for?

The direction of ocean currents Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pacific Ring of Fire and Earthquake Basics

The Pacific Ring of Fire is a region around the Pacific Ocean prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
An earthquake is a vibration of the Earth caused by the rapid release of energy.
A fault is defined as a crack in the Earth's crust where significant movement has occurred.
The Richter scale is used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.
The epicenter of an earthquake is the surface location directly above the focus, or the origin point.

Faults and Seismic Activity

Normal faults form due to tensional forces in the Earth's crust.
Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the Earth's interior during an earthquake.
P-waves are the fastest type of seismic wave.
A tsunami is a large ocean wave typically caused by underwater fault movement.

Typhoons and Monitoring

A typhoon is a tropical storm that forms over the Northwest Pacific Ocean.
The eye of a typhoon is the center of the storm where the winds are calm.
The Sierra Madre Mountain Range acts as a barrier that weakens typhoons in the Philippines.
PAR stands for Philippine Area of Responsibility, monitored by PAGASA.

Comets and Meteoroids

Comets are primarily composed of ice, dust, and rock.
A meteoroid refers to fragments that orbit the sun, while meteorites are those that fall to Earth.
The nucleus of a comet contains frozen water and gases.

Volcanoes and Eruption Types

A volcano is a rupture in the crust that allows magma to escape from below the Earth's surface.
Mauna Loa is an example of a shield volcano, which has gentle slopes formed by low-viscosity lava flows.
The most active volcano in the Philippines is Taal Volcano.
Composite volcanoes, also known as stratovolcanoes, have alternating layers of lava flows and volcanic ash.

Volcano Features and Eruption Styles

The top of a volcano features a caldera or crater, depending on its formation.
Cinder cone volcanoes are the smallest and most abundant type of volcano.
A dormant volcano has not erupted in over 10,000 years and is unlikely to do so again.
Phreatic eruptions result from steam-blast without magma involvement.
Plinian eruptions are characterized by tall ash columns, rising up to 35 km.

Magma Composition and Dynamics

Magma is a molten mixture of rock, minerals, and dissolved gases beneath the Earth's surface.
High temperature decreases magma's viscosity, while high silica content increases it.
Common gases dissolved in magma include carbon dioxide.

Geothermal Energy and Volcanic Effects

Geothermal energy originates from heat beneath the Earth's surface, coming from sources like geysers, volcanoes, and hot springs.
The main component that converts geothermal energy into electricity is the turbine.
Dry steam power plants utilize steam directly from geothermal reservoirs.
Volcanic eruptions can lead to both beneficial effects (e.g., soil fertility) and negative outcomes (e.g., water pollution).

Climate and Atmospheric Effects

Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate pertains to long-term patterns.
Tropical climate is typically found near the equator, while latitudinal position directly affects climate.
El Niño results from the warming of the eastern Pacific Ocean and influences global weather patterns.
The Coriolis Effect influences the direction of ocean currents.
A rain shadow occurs on the leeward side of a mountain due to accumulated moisture on the windward side.

Greenhouse Effect

The primary effect of the greenhouse effect is to trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide and methane, with significant relevance to climate change.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Earth Science with this quiz focusing on Lesson 1. Questions cover topics such as the Pacific Ring of Fire, earthquakes, and geological faults. Challenge yourself and see how much you know about these fundamental concepts in Earth Science.