Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of rock is formed from pressure?
Which type of rock is formed from pressure?
- Metamorphic (correct)
- Sedimentary
- Volcanic
- Igneous
What process involves the movement of rocks and sediment?
What process involves the movement of rocks and sediment?
- Weathering
- Condensation
- Deposition
- Erosion (correct)
What type of boundary occurs when tectonic plates slide against each other?
What type of boundary occurs when tectonic plates slide against each other?
- Divergent boundary
- Subductive boundary
- Convergent boundary
- Transform boundary (correct)
Which of the following describes the law of superposition?
Which of the following describes the law of superposition?
What is one major impact of urbanization on the environment?
What is one major impact of urbanization on the environment?
Which wave travels fastest in a vacuum?
Which wave travels fastest in a vacuum?
What happens at a convergent boundary?
What happens at a convergent boundary?
Which of the following is NOT a type of rock?
Which of the following is NOT a type of rock?
What is the peak of a wave called?
What is the peak of a wave called?
Which negative effect can result from soil erosion?
Which negative effect can result from soil erosion?
Flashcards
Layers of Earth
Layers of Earth
The different parts of Earth, from the crust to the core, that vary in density.
Tectonic Plates
Tectonic Plates
Large pieces of Earth's lithosphere that move over time.
Convection Currents
Convection Currents
The movement of heat within Earth's mantle, caused by differences in temperature and density.
Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rock
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Law of Superposition
Law of Superposition
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Weathering
Weathering
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Erosion
Erosion
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Plate boundaries
Plate boundaries
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Relative Dating
Relative Dating
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Human impact
Human impact
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Study Notes
Earth's Layers and Rock Recycling
- Earth's layers (mantle, core) become denser inward
- Tectonic plates move due to mantle convection currents
- Rock types: metamorphic (pressure), sedimentary (law of superposition), igneous (heat/cooling)
- Superposition: newer rocks are on top of older ones
- Convection currents: heat rising, cool rocks falling
Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
- Weathering: breaking down rocks (chemical/physical)
- Erosion: moving rocks/sediment
- Deposition: sediment placement
Plate Tectonics
- Plate tectonics: plates move over time
- Evidence: fossil records
- Types of plate boundaries:
- Transform: plates slide past each other (earthquakes)
- Convergent: plates collide (mountains, volcanoes)
- Divergent: plates move apart (seafloors)
- Sea trenches are often igneous rock formations
Law of Superposition
- Sedimentary layers: top layer is youngest
- Relative dating: comparing rock ages using superposition
Human Impact
- Greenhouse effect: natural process of trapping heat
- Human impact: urbanization, soil erosion, desertification, ocean acidification
- Negative effects:
- Urbanization: destroying ecosystems
- Soil erosion, desertification: damaging ecosystems
- Ocean acidification harming marine life
Electromagnetic Waves
- Electromagnetic waves: light and sound waves have varying wavelengths and amplitudes
- Speed of light: fastest in vacuum, then air, liquid, and solid
- Light wave types (from longest to shortest): radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma-ray
- Sounds waves travel faster in solid, then liquid, then air
Refraction and Reflection
- Light distortion: illusions
- Colors: objects reflect specific colors
- Black colour: absorbing all colours
- White color: Reflecting all colors
Energy
- Energy: Ability to do work
- Energy types: potential (stored), kinetic (moving)
Heat
- Heat vs. temperature: heat is the energy transfer, temperature is the degree of hotness
- Heat transfer: from hot to cold until thermal equilibrium is reached.
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