Earth Science Chapter 14 Test 3 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

When a common fluorescent lamp is lit, the mercury vapor inside is actually in a:

  • Gaseous phase
  • Liquid phase
  • Plasma phase (correct)
  • Solid phase
  • None of the above

    • Glowing plasma is evident in the light from:

  • A fluorescent lamp
  • The aurora borealis (northern lights)
  • Some TV screens
  • All the above (correct)
  • None of the above

    • Plasmas are a central part of power generation in:

  • MHD generators (correct)
  • Turbo generators
  • Neither of these
  • Both of these

    • Which of the following bodies is comprised mostly of plasma?

    <p>Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a gas is heated and becomes a plasma, its electric charge is usually:

    <p>Balanced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most of the mass of material that makes up a plasma is:

    <p>Electrically neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energy source responsible for molecular motions in Earth's atmosphere is?

    <p>The Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atmospheric molecules do not fly off into outer space due to?

    <p>Earth gravitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compared to the ocean, Earth's atmosphere is different in that?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    About what percentage of molecules in the air make up the atmosphere below a 6-kilometer altitude?

    <p>More than 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The air in your classroom has?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atmospheric pressure is caused by the?

    <p>Weight of the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In drinking soda or water through a straw, we make use of?

    <p>Atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, 1 cubic meter of air has a mass of about?

    <p>1.25 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a suction cup sticks to a wall it is?

    <p>Pushed to the wall by the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how much air is in a column 1-cm² in cross section that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere?

    <p>1 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approximate weight of air is in a column 1-cm² in cross section that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere?

    <p>10 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The weight of air in a column 1-m² in cross section that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere is?

    <p>101,000 N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    About how high can water at sea level be theoretically lifted by a vacuum pump?

    <p>10.3 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a column that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere were instead filled with mercury, its height would be about?

    <p>3/4 meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a column that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere contained the same mass of water, its height would be about?

    <p>10.3 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consider two mercury barometers, one with twice the cross-sectional area of the other. Compared with the wider tube, mercury in the smaller tube will rise?

    <p>To the same height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two vertical tubes of equal cross-sectional areas are filled with liquids to heights producing atmospheric pressure at their bottoms. One liquid is water and the other is mercury. Both liquids have equal?

    <p>Weights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol is less dense than water. If alcohol is used to make a barometer at normal atmospheric pressure, the height of the alcohol column would be?

    <p>More than 10.3 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marshmallows in a vacuum become?

    <p>Larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It would be easier to pull the evacuated Magdeburg hemispheres apart if they were?

    <p>20 km above the ocean surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If one of the pair of Magdeburg hemispheres were fastened to a strong tree, the force needed by a single party to pull them apart would be?

    <p>The same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mass of air inside an average mid-size automobile is about?

    <p>2 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The weight of air in a bathtub (about 1/3 cubic meter) is about the same as the weight of?

    <p>A pound of butter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume with no change in temperature, the gas pressure?

    <p>Doubles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume, its density?

    <p>Doubles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a gas in a container expands to twice its volume, its density?

    <p>Halves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When boarding an airplane you bring a bag of chips. While in flight the bag puffs up, because?

    <p>Air pressure in the airtight bag is greater than cabin air pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A bubble of air released from the bottom of a lake?

    <p>Becomes larger as it rises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    While Debbie Diver holds her breath and swims deeper and deeper beneath the water's surface, her density?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A scuba diver losing her air supply while far beneath the water surface is advised when ascending to?

    <p>Hold air in her lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A swimmer cannot snorkel more than a meter deep because air?

    <p>At the surface will not freely enter the higher-pressure region in the compressed lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The depth to which an inverted drinking glass must be pushed beneath the water surface to squeeze the enclosed air to half its volume is?

    <p>10.3 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Archimedes' principle applies to?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The buoyant force of the atmosphere on a body is equal to the?

    <p>Weight of air displaced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The flight of a blimp best illustrates?

    <p>Archimedes' principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The buoyant force on a one-ton blimp hovering in air is?

    <p>One ton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inside the same room, buoyant force is greater on?

    <p>An elephant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A buoyant force acts on?

    <p>Both of these</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compared with air pressure on the outside, air pressure inside an inflated stretched balloon is?

    <p>Greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As a high-altitude balloon sinks lower into the atmosphere, it undergoes a decrease in?

    <p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As a high-altitude balloon rises higher into the atmosphere, it undergoes a decrease in?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As a balloon high in the atmosphere descends, it undergoes a decrease in?

    <p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As a balloon rises higher and higher into the atmosphere its?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A common 5-liter metal can will float in air if it is?

    <p>No way, unless the displaced air weighs more than the can and its contents!</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An object in a vacuum has no?

    <p>Buoyant force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A helium-filled balloon released in the atmosphere will rise until?

    <p>The balloon and surrounding air have equal densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compared with the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a 1-liter helium-filled balloon, the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a nearby 1-liter solid iron block is?

    <p>The same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compared to the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a 1-kilogram iron block, the buoyant force on a nearby 1-kilogram helium-filled balloon is?

    <p>Considerably more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you stand on a weighing scale and suddenly the atmosphere vanishes, taking buoyancy into account, the scale reading?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Assuming no change in temperature, as a freely expanding helium-filled balloon rises in the atmosphere, the buoyant force acting on it?

    <p>Remains nearly the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A large block of wood and a smaller block of iron on weighing scales both register 1 ton. Taking buoyancy of air into account, which has the greater mass?

    <p>Wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Release a ball inside a freely falling elevator and it falls directly in front of you instead of 'falling to the floor,' because you, ball, elevator, and enclosed air are in free fall. If you do the same with a helium-filled balloon, the balloon will?

    <p>Press against the ceiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A car with closed windows makes a left-hand turn. A helium-filled balloon in the car moves to the?

    <p>Left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An empty jar is pushed open-side downward into water so that trapped air cannot escape. As it is pushed deeper, the buoyant force on the jar?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As a fluid gains speed, its internal pressure?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Airplane flight best illustrates?

    <p>Bernoulli's principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principle of continuity states that for fluid flow to be continuous it must?

    <p>Both of these</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the principle of continuity, the velocity of a fluid multiplied by the cross-section through which it flows at one point will equal the product of?

    <p>Velocity and cross-section at another point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When water is turned on in a shower, the shower curtain moves towards the water spray. This partly involves?

    <p>Pressure changes in moving fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wind blowing over the top of a hill?

    <p>Decreases atmospheric pressure there</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tarp covering on a trailer or truck puffs upward for fast-moving vehicles, which illustrates?

    <p>Bernoulli's principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A spinning tossed baseball veers off course in the direction of?

    <p>Reduced air pressure on the ball</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A spinning tossed baseball veers off course in the direction of?

    <p>Crowded streamlines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bernoulli effect causes passing ships to be drawn together when the ships are close and moving in?

    <p>Either of these</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bernoulli effect causes fast-moving vans on the highway to be drawn together when?

    <p>Air speeds up in passing between them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When you blow air between a pair of closely-spaced Ping-Pong balls suspended by strings, the balls will swing?

    <p>Toward each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An umbrella tends to move upwards on a windy day principally because?

    <p>Air pressure is reduced over the curved top surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A plasma differs from a gas in that?

    <p>It is electrically conducting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main difference between gases and plasmas has to do with?

    <p>Electrical conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is an example of matter in a plasma phase?

    <p>A torch flame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most of the matter in our galaxy is in the?

    <p>Plasma phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Atmospheric Concepts

    • The Sun is the primary energy source driving molecular motions in Earth's atmosphere.
    • Atmospheric molecules remain bound to Earth due to gravitational pull, preventing them from escaping into space.
    • Earth's atmosphere differs from the ocean in that it has varied density, a less distinct surface, and molecules are more spaced out.
    • Over 50% of air molecules are found below a 6-kilometer altitude, affecting atmospheric composition.

    Properties of Air

    • Air has mass, weight, and energy, all of which contribute to its physical properties.
    • Atmospheric pressure results from the weight of the air above a given point, influencing weather and climate patterns.
    • At standard temperature and pressure, 1 cubic meter of air weighs approximately 1.25 kg.

    Pressure and Buoyancy

    • The buoyant force on an object is equivalent to the weight of the air it displaces.
    • A column of air (1 cm² cross-section) extending from sea level weighs about 1 kg, translating to an approximate force of 10 N.
    • Two vertical liquids with equal weights can vary in height due to density differences; for example, mercury versus water.

    Fluid Mechanics

    • Gases, when compressed to half their volume, result in a doubling of pressure and density, whereas expanding results in a halving of density.
    • The buoyancy and rise of objects in water, such as balloons, depend on the surrounding fluid's density and pressure dynamics.
    • Air pressure decreases over curved surfaces, causing phenomena like the upward lift of an umbrella in wind.

    Behavior of Gases under Pressure

    • When air trapped in a container is released, such as with a squeezed soda can through a straw, atmospheric pressure causes the liquid to rise accordingly.
    • In a vacuum, buoyant forces do not exist, affecting how objects interact in low-pressure environments.

    Properties of Plasma

    • Plasma, a state of matter, is characterized by electrically conducting particles and is found abundantly in celestial bodies like the Sun.
    • Fluorescent lamps utilize mercury vapor in a plasma state, emitting light through ionized particles.
    • An example of plasma is torch flame, distinct from the traditional states of solid, liquid, or gas.

    General Observations

    • Objects such as helium balloons display buoyancy due to displaced air, causing them to rise until equilibrated with surrounding density.
    • High-altitude variances in pressure and volume behaviors of gases demonstrate the principles governing atmospheric physics and engineering, relevant in applications such as aviation and meteorology.

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    Prepare for your Earth Science test with these flashcards covering Chapter 14 concepts. Each card features essential questions and answers related to the atmosphere and energy sources. Master the material and enhance your understanding for better performance on the test.

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