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Questions and Answers
When a common fluorescent lamp is lit, the mercury vapor inside is actually in a:
When a common fluorescent lamp is lit, the mercury vapor inside is actually in a:
- Gaseous phase
- Liquid phase
- Plasma phase (correct)
- Solid phase
- None of the above
Glowing plasma is evident in the light from:
Glowing plasma is evident in the light from:
- A fluorescent lamp
- The aurora borealis (northern lights)
- Some TV screens
- All the above (correct)
- None of the above
Plasmas are a central part of power generation in:
Plasmas are a central part of power generation in:
- MHD generators (correct)
- Turbo generators
- Neither of these
- Both of these
Which of the following bodies is comprised mostly of plasma?
Which of the following bodies is comprised mostly of plasma?
When a gas is heated and becomes a plasma, its electric charge is usually:
When a gas is heated and becomes a plasma, its electric charge is usually:
Most of the mass of material that makes up a plasma is:
Most of the mass of material that makes up a plasma is:
The energy source responsible for molecular motions in Earth's atmosphere is?
The energy source responsible for molecular motions in Earth's atmosphere is?
Atmospheric molecules do not fly off into outer space due to?
Atmospheric molecules do not fly off into outer space due to?
Compared to the ocean, Earth's atmosphere is different in that?
Compared to the ocean, Earth's atmosphere is different in that?
About what percentage of molecules in the air make up the atmosphere below a 6-kilometer altitude?
About what percentage of molecules in the air make up the atmosphere below a 6-kilometer altitude?
The air in your classroom has?
The air in your classroom has?
Atmospheric pressure is caused by the?
Atmospheric pressure is caused by the?
In drinking soda or water through a straw, we make use of?
In drinking soda or water through a straw, we make use of?
At normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, 1 cubic meter of air has a mass of about?
At normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, 1 cubic meter of air has a mass of about?
When a suction cup sticks to a wall it is?
When a suction cup sticks to a wall it is?
Approximately how much air is in a column 1-cm² in cross section that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere?
Approximately how much air is in a column 1-cm² in cross section that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere?
What approximate weight of air is in a column 1-cm² in cross section that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere?
What approximate weight of air is in a column 1-cm² in cross section that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere?
The weight of air in a column 1-m² in cross section that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere is?
The weight of air in a column 1-m² in cross section that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere is?
About how high can water at sea level be theoretically lifted by a vacuum pump?
About how high can water at sea level be theoretically lifted by a vacuum pump?
If a column that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere were instead filled with mercury, its height would be about?
If a column that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere were instead filled with mercury, its height would be about?
If a column that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere contained the same mass of water, its height would be about?
If a column that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere contained the same mass of water, its height would be about?
Consider two mercury barometers, one with twice the cross-sectional area of the other. Compared with the wider tube, mercury in the smaller tube will rise?
Consider two mercury barometers, one with twice the cross-sectional area of the other. Compared with the wider tube, mercury in the smaller tube will rise?
Two vertical tubes of equal cross-sectional areas are filled with liquids to heights producing atmospheric pressure at their bottoms. One liquid is water and the other is mercury. Both liquids have equal?
Two vertical tubes of equal cross-sectional areas are filled with liquids to heights producing atmospheric pressure at their bottoms. One liquid is water and the other is mercury. Both liquids have equal?
Alcohol is less dense than water. If alcohol is used to make a barometer at normal atmospheric pressure, the height of the alcohol column would be?
Alcohol is less dense than water. If alcohol is used to make a barometer at normal atmospheric pressure, the height of the alcohol column would be?
Marshmallows in a vacuum become?
Marshmallows in a vacuum become?
It would be easier to pull the evacuated Magdeburg hemispheres apart if they were?
It would be easier to pull the evacuated Magdeburg hemispheres apart if they were?
If one of the pair of Magdeburg hemispheres were fastened to a strong tree, the force needed by a single party to pull them apart would be?
If one of the pair of Magdeburg hemispheres were fastened to a strong tree, the force needed by a single party to pull them apart would be?
The mass of air inside an average mid-size automobile is about?
The mass of air inside an average mid-size automobile is about?
The weight of air in a bathtub (about 1/3 cubic meter) is about the same as the weight of?
The weight of air in a bathtub (about 1/3 cubic meter) is about the same as the weight of?
When a gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume with no change in temperature, the gas pressure?
When a gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume with no change in temperature, the gas pressure?
When a gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume, its density?
When a gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume, its density?
When a gas in a container expands to twice its volume, its density?
When a gas in a container expands to twice its volume, its density?
When boarding an airplane you bring a bag of chips. While in flight the bag puffs up, because?
When boarding an airplane you bring a bag of chips. While in flight the bag puffs up, because?
A bubble of air released from the bottom of a lake?
A bubble of air released from the bottom of a lake?
While Debbie Diver holds her breath and swims deeper and deeper beneath the water's surface, her density?
While Debbie Diver holds her breath and swims deeper and deeper beneath the water's surface, her density?
A scuba diver losing her air supply while far beneath the water surface is advised when ascending to?
A scuba diver losing her air supply while far beneath the water surface is advised when ascending to?
A swimmer cannot snorkel more than a meter deep because air?
A swimmer cannot snorkel more than a meter deep because air?
The depth to which an inverted drinking glass must be pushed beneath the water surface to squeeze the enclosed air to half its volume is?
The depth to which an inverted drinking glass must be pushed beneath the water surface to squeeze the enclosed air to half its volume is?
Archimedes' principle applies to?
Archimedes' principle applies to?
The buoyant force of the atmosphere on a body is equal to the?
The buoyant force of the atmosphere on a body is equal to the?
The flight of a blimp best illustrates?
The flight of a blimp best illustrates?
The buoyant force on a one-ton blimp hovering in air is?
The buoyant force on a one-ton blimp hovering in air is?
Inside the same room, buoyant force is greater on?
Inside the same room, buoyant force is greater on?
A buoyant force acts on?
A buoyant force acts on?
Compared with air pressure on the outside, air pressure inside an inflated stretched balloon is?
Compared with air pressure on the outside, air pressure inside an inflated stretched balloon is?
As a high-altitude balloon sinks lower into the atmosphere, it undergoes a decrease in?
As a high-altitude balloon sinks lower into the atmosphere, it undergoes a decrease in?
As a high-altitude balloon rises higher into the atmosphere, it undergoes a decrease in?
As a high-altitude balloon rises higher into the atmosphere, it undergoes a decrease in?
As a balloon high in the atmosphere descends, it undergoes a decrease in?
As a balloon high in the atmosphere descends, it undergoes a decrease in?
As a balloon rises higher and higher into the atmosphere its?
As a balloon rises higher and higher into the atmosphere its?
A common 5-liter metal can will float in air if it is?
A common 5-liter metal can will float in air if it is?
An object in a vacuum has no?
An object in a vacuum has no?
A helium-filled balloon released in the atmosphere will rise until?
A helium-filled balloon released in the atmosphere will rise until?
Compared with the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a 1-liter helium-filled balloon, the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a nearby 1-liter solid iron block is?
Compared with the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a 1-liter helium-filled balloon, the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a nearby 1-liter solid iron block is?
Compared to the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a 1-kilogram iron block, the buoyant force on a nearby 1-kilogram helium-filled balloon is?
Compared to the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a 1-kilogram iron block, the buoyant force on a nearby 1-kilogram helium-filled balloon is?
If you stand on a weighing scale and suddenly the atmosphere vanishes, taking buoyancy into account, the scale reading?
If you stand on a weighing scale and suddenly the atmosphere vanishes, taking buoyancy into account, the scale reading?
Assuming no change in temperature, as a freely expanding helium-filled balloon rises in the atmosphere, the buoyant force acting on it?
Assuming no change in temperature, as a freely expanding helium-filled balloon rises in the atmosphere, the buoyant force acting on it?
A large block of wood and a smaller block of iron on weighing scales both register 1 ton. Taking buoyancy of air into account, which has the greater mass?
A large block of wood and a smaller block of iron on weighing scales both register 1 ton. Taking buoyancy of air into account, which has the greater mass?
Release a ball inside a freely falling elevator and it falls directly in front of you instead of 'falling to the floor,' because you, ball, elevator, and enclosed air are in free fall. If you do the same with a helium-filled balloon, the balloon will?
Release a ball inside a freely falling elevator and it falls directly in front of you instead of 'falling to the floor,' because you, ball, elevator, and enclosed air are in free fall. If you do the same with a helium-filled balloon, the balloon will?
A car with closed windows makes a left-hand turn. A helium-filled balloon in the car moves to the?
A car with closed windows makes a left-hand turn. A helium-filled balloon in the car moves to the?
An empty jar is pushed open-side downward into water so that trapped air cannot escape. As it is pushed deeper, the buoyant force on the jar?
An empty jar is pushed open-side downward into water so that trapped air cannot escape. As it is pushed deeper, the buoyant force on the jar?
As a fluid gains speed, its internal pressure?
As a fluid gains speed, its internal pressure?
Airplane flight best illustrates?
Airplane flight best illustrates?
The principle of continuity states that for fluid flow to be continuous it must?
The principle of continuity states that for fluid flow to be continuous it must?
According to the principle of continuity, the velocity of a fluid multiplied by the cross-section through which it flows at one point will equal the product of?
According to the principle of continuity, the velocity of a fluid multiplied by the cross-section through which it flows at one point will equal the product of?
When water is turned on in a shower, the shower curtain moves towards the water spray. This partly involves?
When water is turned on in a shower, the shower curtain moves towards the water spray. This partly involves?
Wind blowing over the top of a hill?
Wind blowing over the top of a hill?
The tarp covering on a trailer or truck puffs upward for fast-moving vehicles, which illustrates?
The tarp covering on a trailer or truck puffs upward for fast-moving vehicles, which illustrates?
A spinning tossed baseball veers off course in the direction of?
A spinning tossed baseball veers off course in the direction of?
A spinning tossed baseball veers off course in the direction of?
A spinning tossed baseball veers off course in the direction of?
The Bernoulli effect causes passing ships to be drawn together when the ships are close and moving in?
The Bernoulli effect causes passing ships to be drawn together when the ships are close and moving in?
The Bernoulli effect causes fast-moving vans on the highway to be drawn together when?
The Bernoulli effect causes fast-moving vans on the highway to be drawn together when?
When you blow air between a pair of closely-spaced Ping-Pong balls suspended by strings, the balls will swing?
When you blow air between a pair of closely-spaced Ping-Pong balls suspended by strings, the balls will swing?
An umbrella tends to move upwards on a windy day principally because?
An umbrella tends to move upwards on a windy day principally because?
A plasma differs from a gas in that?
A plasma differs from a gas in that?
The main difference between gases and plasmas has to do with?
The main difference between gases and plasmas has to do with?
Which is an example of matter in a plasma phase?
Which is an example of matter in a plasma phase?
Most of the matter in our galaxy is in the?
Most of the matter in our galaxy is in the?
Study Notes
Atmospheric Concepts
- The Sun is the primary energy source driving molecular motions in Earth's atmosphere.
- Atmospheric molecules remain bound to Earth due to gravitational pull, preventing them from escaping into space.
- Earth's atmosphere differs from the ocean in that it has varied density, a less distinct surface, and molecules are more spaced out.
- Over 50% of air molecules are found below a 6-kilometer altitude, affecting atmospheric composition.
Properties of Air
- Air has mass, weight, and energy, all of which contribute to its physical properties.
- Atmospheric pressure results from the weight of the air above a given point, influencing weather and climate patterns.
- At standard temperature and pressure, 1 cubic meter of air weighs approximately 1.25 kg.
Pressure and Buoyancy
- The buoyant force on an object is equivalent to the weight of the air it displaces.
- A column of air (1 cm² cross-section) extending from sea level weighs about 1 kg, translating to an approximate force of 10 N.
- Two vertical liquids with equal weights can vary in height due to density differences; for example, mercury versus water.
Fluid Mechanics
- Gases, when compressed to half their volume, result in a doubling of pressure and density, whereas expanding results in a halving of density.
- The buoyancy and rise of objects in water, such as balloons, depend on the surrounding fluid's density and pressure dynamics.
- Air pressure decreases over curved surfaces, causing phenomena like the upward lift of an umbrella in wind.
Behavior of Gases under Pressure
- When air trapped in a container is released, such as with a squeezed soda can through a straw, atmospheric pressure causes the liquid to rise accordingly.
- In a vacuum, buoyant forces do not exist, affecting how objects interact in low-pressure environments.
Properties of Plasma
- Plasma, a state of matter, is characterized by electrically conducting particles and is found abundantly in celestial bodies like the Sun.
- Fluorescent lamps utilize mercury vapor in a plasma state, emitting light through ionized particles.
- An example of plasma is torch flame, distinct from the traditional states of solid, liquid, or gas.
General Observations
- Objects such as helium balloons display buoyancy due to displaced air, causing them to rise until equilibrated with surrounding density.
- High-altitude variances in pressure and volume behaviors of gases demonstrate the principles governing atmospheric physics and engineering, relevant in applications such as aviation and meteorology.
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Description
Prepare for your Earth Science test with these flashcards covering Chapter 14 concepts. Each card features essential questions and answers related to the atmosphere and energy sources. Master the material and enhance your understanding for better performance on the test.
