Earth Science Chapter 1 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth?

  • Meteorology
  • Geology (correct)
  • Astronomy
  • Oceanography

Which option describes oceanography?

  • Study of the atmosphere
  • Study of the universe
  • Study of Earth and its neighbors in space
  • Study of the oceans and oceanic phenomena (correct)

What does meteorology study?

  • Oceans
  • Planets
  • Atmosphere and weather (correct)
  • Solid Earth

What is astronomy?

<p>The study of the universe</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define hydrosphere.

<p>The watery areas of the Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atmosphere?

<p>The mixture of gases that surrounds Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the geosphere?

<p>The solid part of the Earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the biosphere refer to?

<p>The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the Earth's crust.

<p>The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mantle of the Earth?

<p>The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the core of the Earth consist of?

<p>The dense metallic center of Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define hypothesis.

<p>An explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations and that can be tested</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a theory in scientific terms?

<p>A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Earth Science?

<p>The group of sciences that deals with Earth and its neighbors in space</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define a system.

<p>Any size group of interacting parts that form a complex whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'geo-' relate to?

<p>Relating to the Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'astro-' refer to?

<p>Relating to the planets and stars or space</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hydro-' mean?

<p>Relating to water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-ology' signify?

<p>A branch of knowledge, science</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is '-ography'?

<p>A subject of study or interest, mapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does '-nomy' refer to?

<p>A specified area of knowledge or the laws governing it</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an open system?

<p>A system in which matter can enter from or escape to the surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a closed system?

<p>A system in which no matter is allowed to enter or leave</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a scientific law?

<p>A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'bio-' stand for?

<p>Life, living</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is biotic?

<p>Living</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is abiotic?

<p>Non-living</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Nebular Theory?

<p>A model for the origin of the solar system that supposes a rotating nebula of dust and gases that contracted to form the Sun and planets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is latitude?

<p>Distance north or south of the equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define longitude.

<p>Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Prime Meridian?

<p>0 degrees longitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Equator?

<p>0 degrees latitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a topographic map?

<p>A map that shows the surface features of an area</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contour line?

<p>A line on a topographic map that connects points of equal elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define contour interval.

<p>The difference in elevation from one contour line to the next</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a geologic map?

<p>A map showing the distribution of rock units and structures across a region</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is scientific inquiry?

<p>The diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on evidence they gather</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific method?

<p>A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the sources of energy for Earth?

<p>Sun and Earth's interior</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are renewable resources?

<p>Any natural resource that can replenish itself in a relatively short period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nonrenewable resource?

<p>A natural resource that is not replaced in a useful time frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated human population of Earth?

<p>8 Billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

List some significant threats to the environment from humans.

<p>Air pollution, acid rain, ozone depletion, and global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Earth Science Overview

  • Geology: Study of Earth's origin, history, and structure.
  • Oceanography: Focus on oceans and oceanic phenomena.
  • Meteorology: Examines the atmosphere, weather, and climate.
  • Astronomy: Investigates the universe at large.

Earth Components

  • Hydrosphere: Comprises Earth's water bodies, including oceans, lakes, and rivers.
  • Atmosphere: A mixture of gases enveloping Earth.
  • Geosphere: Solid Earth, including crust and outer mantle.
  • Biosphere: Total area of Earth that hosts life, encompassing all ecosystems.

Earth's Structure

  • Crust: Thin, solid outer layer above the mantle.
  • Mantle: Layer of hot, solid material between crust and core.
  • Core: Dense, metallic center of the Earth.

Scientific Concepts

  • Hypothesis: Testable explanations derived from prior research.
  • Theory: Well-supported concepts explaining diverse observations.
  • Earth Science: Encompasses various sciences related to Earth and its cosmic neighborhood.

Systems and Terminology

  • System: An interacting group of parts forming a cohesive whole.
  • Geo-: Prefix denoting relation to Earth.
  • Astro-: Prefix indicating relation to space or celestial bodies.
  • Hydro-: Prefix meaning related to water.
  • -ology: Suffix for branches of knowledge or science.
  • -ography: Suffix denoting a subject of study or mapping.
  • -nomy: Refers to a specified area of knowledge or governing laws.

System Types

  • Open System: Matter can enter or exit the system.
  • Closed System: Matter remains confined within the system.

Scientific Principles

  • Scientific Law: Predictable statements about expected outcomes under defined conditions.

Ecology and Energy

  • Bio-: Pertains to life; biotic refers to living entities, while abiotic describes non-living components.
  • Nebular Theory: Explains solar system origins through a rotating nebula of gases and dust.
  • Energy Sources: Sun and Earth's interior are primary energy sources for the planet.

Geographic and Mapping Concepts

  • Latitude: Measurement of distance north or south of the equator.
  • Longitude: Measurement of distance east or west from the Prime Meridian.
  • Prime Meridian: Reference line for 0 degrees longitude.
  • Equator: Reference line for 0 degrees latitude.
  • Topographic Map: Displays surface features and elevation changes.
  • Contour Line: Connects points of equal elevation on a topographic map.
  • Contour Interval: Elevation difference between contour lines.
  • Geologic Map: Shows distribution of rock units and structures across a region.

Scientific Methodology

  • Scientific Inquiry: Varied approaches for investigating the natural world and formulating evidence-based explanations.
  • Scientific Method: Systematic approaches to solving scientific problems.

Natural Resources

  • Renewable Resources: Natural resources that can replenish within a human lifespan.
  • Nonrenewable Resource: Resources with no replacement in a useful timescale.

Environmental Concerns

  • Human Population: Approximately 8 billion on Earth.
  • Environmental Threats: Major issues include air pollution, acid rain, ozone depletion, and global warming.

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Test your knowledge with flashcards on key terms from Chapter 1 of Earth Science. This quiz covers essential topics such as geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy, providing a solid foundation in understanding our planet and its systems.

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