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Questions and Answers
What is the study of earthquakes known as?
What is the study of earthquakes known as?
- Seismology (correct)
- Astronomy
- Meteorology
- Volcanology
Which branch of Earth science studies the historical processes and events that resulted in the formation of Earth and life?
Which branch of Earth science studies the historical processes and events that resulted in the formation of Earth and life?
- Astronomy
- Historical Geology (correct)
- Physical Geology
- Oceanography
What is the term formed using word roots derived from Greek and Latin language, where geo means earth and -ology means the study of?
What is the term formed using word roots derived from Greek and Latin language, where geo means earth and -ology means the study of?
- Geology (correct)
- Geography
- Geophysics
- Geomorphology
Which branch of Earth science studies the oceans, tides, waves, processes, and changes in the ocean?
Which branch of Earth science studies the oceans, tides, waves, processes, and changes in the ocean?
What is the study of weather, high sky, and climate known as?
What is the study of weather, high sky, and climate known as?
Which branch of Earth science studies the structure, form, and components of the Earth?
Which branch of Earth science studies the structure, form, and components of the Earth?
What is the term used for the study of the universe?
What is the term used for the study of the universe?
What are important specialties under geology that help people understand earthquakes and volcanoes respectively?
What are important specialties under geology that help people understand earthquakes and volcanoes respectively?
What does the word root 'geo' mean in the term geology?
What does the word root 'geo' mean in the term geology?
What do meteorologists inform us about?
What do meteorologists inform us about?
What vital information do oceanographers provide related to climate change and renewable energy sources?
What vital information do oceanographers provide related to climate change and renewable energy sources?
What is the study of volcanoes known as?
What is the study of volcanoes known as?
What is the standard system of measurement used in science?
What is the standard system of measurement used in science?
Which language is predominantly used for naming early scientists?
Which language is predominantly used for naming early scientists?
What does the Scientific Method involve after conducting an experiment?
What does the Scientific Method involve after conducting an experiment?
Which type of chart is commonly used to display trends over time?
Which type of chart is commonly used to display trends over time?
What does the study of Earth's structure, form, and components fall under?
What does the study of Earth's structure, form, and components fall under?
What is the term for the process of proposing a possible explanation based on observed phenomena?
What is the term for the process of proposing a possible explanation based on observed phenomena?
What component of scientific vocabulary is helpful for understanding the meaning of scientific terms?
What component of scientific vocabulary is helpful for understanding the meaning of scientific terms?
Which branch of Earth science studies the historical processes and events that resulted in the formation of Earth and life?
Which branch of Earth science studies the historical processes and events that resulted in the formation of Earth and life?
Which units are used to measure mass in the International System of Units (SI)?
Which units are used to measure mass in the International System of Units (SI)?
What is the term for the potential distortion of results due to preconceived notions or prejudices?
What is the term for the potential distortion of results due to preconceived notions or prejudices?
In which phase of a scientific experiment are observations made?
In which phase of a scientific experiment are observations made?
Which type of chart is commonly used to compare parts of a whole?
Which type of chart is commonly used to compare parts of a whole?
What marks the end of the Precambrian eon and the start of the Phanerozoic eon?
What marks the end of the Precambrian eon and the start of the Phanerozoic eon?
What process do scientists use to determine the age of rocks and fossils based on the position of rock layers and fossils?
What process do scientists use to determine the age of rocks and fossils based on the position of rock layers and fossils?
What era was known as the age of dinosaurs?
What era was known as the age of dinosaurs?
What is the process that allows scientists to calculate the actual ages of rocks and fossils?
What is the process that allows scientists to calculate the actual ages of rocks and fossils?
What spans hundreds to thousands of millions of years in the geologic time scale?
What spans hundreds to thousands of millions of years in the geologic time scale?
What is used by scientists in the process of stratigraphy to learn more about the history of the Earth?
What is used by scientists in the process of stratigraphy to learn more about the history of the Earth?
What are scientists studying when they investigate layers of rock, or strata, in stratigraphy?
What are scientists studying when they investigate layers of rock, or strata, in stratigraphy?
What allows scientists to use absolute age dating to calculate the actual ages of rocks and fossils?
What allows scientists to use absolute age dating to calculate the actual ages of rocks and fossils?
Which geological theory emphasizes abrupt, violent events resulting in mass extinctions and geosphere changes?
Which geological theory emphasizes abrupt, violent events resulting in mass extinctions and geosphere changes?
Who is known as the Father of Modern Geology due to his influential work on the uniformitarian theory?
Who is known as the Father of Modern Geology due to his influential work on the uniformitarian theory?
What type of dating determines rock age based on the known decay rate of radioactive isotopes within the rocks?
What type of dating determines rock age based on the known decay rate of radioactive isotopes within the rocks?
Which scientist popularized catastrophism through his study of the fossil record and biblical influences?
Which scientist popularized catastrophism through his study of the fossil record and biblical influences?
What essential technique do geologists use to establish rock and fossil ages by determining rock age based on physical relationships to surrounding geologic structures?
What essential technique do geologists use to establish rock and fossil ages by determining rock age based on physical relationships to surrounding geologic structures?
What key principle of relative dating involves determining rock age based on superimposed layers?
What key principle of relative dating involves determining rock age based on superimposed layers?
Which type of radioactive decay involves emitting a gamma ray?
Which type of radioactive decay involves emitting a gamma ray?
What method do scientists use to determine the sequence of ages between bodies in our solar system based on impact crater counts?
What method do scientists use to determine the sequence of ages between bodies in our solar system based on impact crater counts?
What is the process by which an unstable nucleus loses energy and releases radiation?
What is the process by which an unstable nucleus loses energy and releases radiation?
Which method measures the content of leftover radioactive carbon in an object or material?
Which method measures the content of leftover radioactive carbon in an object or material?
What is the term used to describe the amount of time in which the quantity of a radioactive substance is reduced to half its original value?
What is the term used to describe the amount of time in which the quantity of a radioactive substance is reduced to half its original value?
Which radioactive substance decays into lead-206 in uranium-lead dating?
Which radioactive substance decays into lead-206 in uranium-lead dating?
What is the term for the method used to establish the age of geologic and organic materials that contain radioactive isotopes?
What is the term for the method used to establish the age of geologic and organic materials that contain radioactive isotopes?
Which radioactive substance decays into nitrogen-14 in the process of radiocarbon dating?
Which radioactive substance decays into nitrogen-14 in the process of radiocarbon dating?
Which method has a half-life of only 5,730 years?
Which method has a half-life of only 5,730 years?
What type of material can radiocarbon dating measure the ages of?
What type of material can radiocarbon dating measure the ages of?
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Study Notes
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Earth science is a field that studies Earth and neighboring planets
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Greek and Latin languages contribute significantly to scientific vocabulary
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Greek used for early scientists' names, Latin for naming organisms
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Word parts (prefixes, roots, suffixes) helpful for understanding scientific terms
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Scientific method is a series of steps for answering scientific questions
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Question, background research, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, conclusion
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Replicable experiments can lead to theories if hypotheses are supported
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Biases can impact experiments and should be minimized
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International System of Units (SI) is standard system of measurement
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SI units include length (meter), mass (kilogram), volume (cubic meter), density (kg/m), temperature (kelvin)
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Conversion factors needed to change units
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Scientific experiments consist of six steps: observe, hypothesize, design, collect data, evaluate, conclude
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Data displayed through various charts and graphs: line graphs, bar charts, pie charts, flow charts
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Each chart type used for specific purposes in analyzing data.
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Strict catastrophism is a geological theory explaining Earth's surface through abrupt, violent events resulting in mass extinctions and geosphere changes.
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Georges Cuvier popularized catastrophism through his study of the fossil record and biblical influences.
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Uniformitarianism, which views Earth's surface as shaped by gradual processes, challenged catastrophism's dominance.
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James Hutton is known as the Father of Modern Geology due to his influential work on the uniformitarian theory.
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Charles Lyell's uniformitarianism emphasizes gradual geological changes but acknowledges occasional cataclysms.
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Geologists today use a combination of relative and numerical dating to establish rock and fossil ages.
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Relative dating determines rock age based on physical relationships to surrounding geologic structures.
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Key principles of relative dating include the Principle of Uniformitarianism, Original Horizontality, Lateral Continuity, Superposition, Cross-cutting Relationships, Inclusions, and Baked Contacts.
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Radiometric dating, or radioactive dating, determines rock age based on the known decay rate of radioactive isotopes within the rocks.
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Different types of radioactive decay include alpha decay (emitting an alpha particle), beta decay (emitting a beta particle), and gamma decay (emitting a gamma ray).
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Scientists use relative dating to determine the sequence of ages between bodies in our solar system based on impact crater counts.
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