Earth Layers and Crust Composition
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Questions and Answers

What is formed when sediments are compressed and hardened?

  • Igneous rocks
  • Metamorphic rocks
  • Sedimentary rocks (correct)
  • Molten magma
  • Granite is an example of a sedimentary rock.

    False

    What process transforms igneous and sedimentary rocks into metamorphic rocks?

    Heat and pressure

    The process of transformation of rock from one type to another is known as the __________.

    <p>rock cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of rocks with their characteristics:

    <p>Igneous rocks = Formed from cooled magma Sedimentary rocks = Formed from compacted sediments Metamorphic rocks = Formed under heat and pressure Molten magma = Liquid form of rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a game that uses stones?

    <p>Seven Stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sediments are always transported by water only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one mineral that is commonly used as a fuel.

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mineral composition of the continental crust?

    <p>Silica and alumina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oceanic crust is thicker than the continental crust.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innermost layer of the Earth called?

    <p>core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When molten magma cools, it solidifies into __________ rocks.

    <p>igneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of rocks with their descriptions:

    <p>Igneous rocks = Formed from solidified molten magma Sedimentary rocks = Formed from the accumulation of sediment Metamorphic rocks = Formed from existing rocks changed by heat and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is called the mantle?

    <p>Layer below the crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extrusive igneous rocks are formed from lava that cools rapidly on the Earth's surface.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The core is mostly composed of __________ and iron.

    <p>nickel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Earth's Structure

    • Earth consists of several concentric layers: crust, mantle, and core, similar to an onion.
    • The crust is the uppermost layer and is the thinnest, averaging 35 km thick on continental mass and 5 km on ocean floors.
    • Continental crust, known as sial (silica + alumina), is primarily composed of silica and alumina.
    • Oceanic crust, referred to as sima (silica + magnesium), consists chiefly of silica and magnesium.
    • Below the crust lies the mantle, extending up to 2900 km in depth.
    • The core, the innermost layer, has a radius of approximately 3500 km and is mainly composed of nickel and iron (nife).

    Rocks and Minerals

    • The earth's crust is made of various types of rocks, which are natural masses of mineral matter.
    • Three major rock types exist:
      • Igneous rocks are formed from cooled molten magma (primary rocks).
        • Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly within the earth, forming large grains (e.g., granite).
        • Extrusive igneous rocks form rapidly on the surface from lava, resulting in a fine-grained structure (e.g., basalt).
      • Sedimentary rocks are formed from compressed sediments transported by wind and water (e.g., sandstone), often containing fossils.
      • Metamorphic rocks arise from igneous or sedimentary rocks subjected to heat and pressure (e.g., clay to slate, limestone to marble).

    Rock Cycle

    • The rock cycle describes the transformation of one rock type into another.
    • Igneous rocks can break down into sediments, which then form sedimentary rocks.
    • When igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to high heat and pressure, metamorphic rocks form.
    • Metamorphic rocks under sufficient heat and pressure can melt into molten magma, which can again solidify into igneous rocks.

    Importance of Minerals

    • Minerals are naturally occurring substances with specific physical properties and chemical compositions.
    • Important for humanity: fuels (coal, natural gas, petroleum), industrial materials (iron, aluminum, gold, uranium), and medicinal uses (certain minerals and compounds).
    • Minerals are crucial in agriculture, particularly in fertilizers.

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    Description

    Explore the Earth's structure, focusing on the different layers and their properties. This quiz covers the characteristics of the Earth's crust, including its thickness and mineral composition on continental and oceanic plates. Understand the key differences and the terminology used in geology.

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