Earth and Life Science Week 1

Study Notes

Earth is the only known planet in the solar system that supports life.
It features a molten nickel-iron core which generates a significant magnetic field, protecting against harmful solar radiation.
Approximately 71% of Earth's surface is covered by liquid water, making it essential for life.

The presence of liquid water is critical for sustaining life.
Earth's lithosphere consists of the crust and upper mantle, providing a solid surface for organisms.
The atmosphere serves as a protective layer that filters harmful solar rays and maintains climatic stability.

Venus lacks water and does not support life, while Mars has no oxygen and is deemed uninhabitable.
Earth distinguishes itself by its diverse life forms and suitable environmental conditions.

Earth comprises four subsystems: Atmosphere, Biosphere, Geosphere, and Hydrosphere, which interact to sustain life.
Atmosphere: Gaseous layer (78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen) that shields the surface and regulates climate by trapping heat.
Biosphere: The zone of life containing ecosystems where organisms coexist.
Geosphere: The solid part of Earth including the core, mantle, and crust.
Hydrosphere: The water component of Earth, encompassing oceans, glaciers, and water vapor, covering 71% of the planet.

Energy primarily flows through the atmosphere via convection, while matter cycles through all subsystems.
The atmosphere provides essential heat and energy to the geosphere for processes like erosion.
The biosphere depends on gases, water, and nutrients from the atmosphere and geosphere.

Rapid human population growth has led to increased pollution and environmental strain since the 1700s.
Students can take action to improve environmental conditions by targeting specific actions toward climate and ecosystem preservation.

Minerals are essential components of rocks, soil, and various natural and man-made products.
Key minerals include graphite (used in pencils) and halite (table salt).
Understanding minerals involves recognizing their role in interacting with Earth's systems.

Minerals are defined as naturally occurring, inorganic substances.
They serve as the foundational building blocks of rocks and are crucial in various applications in daily life and technology.