Questions and Answers
What was the immediate trigger for the Indian Rebellion of 1857?
Who was the last Mughal emperor to resist the British?
In which year was the Indian National Congress founded?
What was the outcome of the Battle of Buxar in 1764?
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Who was one of the early leaders of the Indian National Congress?
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Who was the leader of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
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What was the trigger for the Civil Disobedience Movement?
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What was the goal of the Swadeshi movement?
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When did India gain independence?
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What was the name of the pact signed between Gandhi and the British in 1931?
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What was the name of the movement sparked by the Partition of Bengal in 1905?
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Study Notes
Early Resistance (1757-1857)
- Initial resistance against British East India Company's rule in India
- Battles of Plassey (1757) and Buxar (1764) marked the beginning of British rule in India
- Early rebels:
- Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi
- Tantia Tope
- Nana Sahib
- Bahadur Shah Zafar (last Mughal emperor)
Indian Rebellion of 1857
- Also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Indian Independence
- Triggered by the introduction of Enfield rifles with greased cartridges
- Key events:
- Meerut uprising (May 10, 1857)
- Capture of Delhi by rebels (May 11, 1857)
- Siege of Lucknow (June 1857)
- Suppression of the rebellion by British forces (1858)
Moderate Phase (1858-1905)
- Indian National Congress (INC) founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume
- Early leaders:
- Dadabhai Naoroji
- W.C. Bonnerjee
- Surendranath Banerjee
- Goals:
- Constitutional reforms
- Greater Indian representation in government
- Economic development
Extremist Phase (1905-1918)
- Partition of Bengal (1905) sparked widespread protests
- Rise of extremist leaders:
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Lala Lajpat Rai
- Bipin Chandra Pal
- Ideology:
- Swaraj (self-rule)
- Swadeshi (boycott of British goods)
- Boycott of British institutions
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)
- Led by Mahatma Gandhi
- Triggered by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919)
- Key events:
- Non-cooperation resolution (1920)
- Chauri Chaura incident (1922)
- Suspension of the movement by Gandhi
Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934)
- Led by Mahatma Gandhi
- Triggered by theSalt March (1930)
- Key events:
- Salt Satyagraha
- Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)
- Third Round Table Conference (1932)
Quit India Movement (1942-1944)
- Led by Mahatma Gandhi
- Triggered by the Cripps Mission (1942)
- Key events:
- Quit India resolution (August 8, 1942)
- Mass arrests and protests
- Failure of the movement due to internal divisions and British repression
Final Push for Independence (1945-1947)
- Interim government formed (1946)
- Negotiations between Indian leaders and British government
- Indian Independence Act (July 18, 1947)
- India gained independence on August 15, 1947
Early Resistance (1757-1857)
- Initial resistance against British East India Company's rule in India marked the beginning of British rule
- Battles of Plassey (1757) and Buxar (1764) were the starting points of British rule in India
- Key figures of early resistance include Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Tantia Tope, Nana Sahib, and Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal Emperor
Indian Rebellion of 1857
- Also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Indian Independence
- Triggered by the introduction of Enfield rifles with greased cartridges
- Key events include Meerut uprising (May 10, 1857), Capture of Delhi by rebels (May 11, 1857), Siege of Lucknow (June 1857), and Suppression of the rebellion by British forces (1858)
Moderate Phase (1858-1905)
- Indian National Congress (INC) founded in 1885 by A.O.Hume
- Early leaders of INC include Dadabhai Naoroji, W.C.Bonnerjee, and Surendranath Banerjee
- Goals of INC include constitutional reforms, greater Indian representation in government, and economic development
Extremist Phase (1905-1918)
- Partition of Bengal (1905) sparked widespread protests
- Key figures of extremist phase include Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal
- Ideology of extremist phase includes swaraj (self-rule), swadeshi (boycott of British goods), and boycott of British institutions
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)
- Led by Mahatma Gandhi
- Triggered by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919)
- Key events include non-cooperation resolution (1920), Chauri Chaura incident (1922), and suspension of the movement by Gandhi
Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934)
- Led by Mahatma Gandhi
- Triggered by the Salt March (1930)
- Key events include Salt Satyagraha, Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931), and Third Round Table Conference (1932)
Quit India Movement (1942-1944)
- Led by Mahatma Gandhi
- Triggered by the Cripps Mission (1942)
- Key events include Quit India resolution (August 8, 1942), mass arrests and protests, and failure of the movement due to internal divisions and British repression
Final Push for Independence (1945-1947)
- Interim government formed (1946)
- Negotiations between Indian leaders and British government
- Indian Independence Act (July 18, 1947)
- India gained independence on August 15, 1947
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Explore the initial resistance against the British East India Company's rule in India, including the Battles of Plassey and Buxar, and the Indian Rebellion of 1857 triggered by the Enfield rifles.
