Early Norway: Terrain, Climate, and History
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Questions and Answers

What was a significant political change established in Norway in 1884?

  • Norway joined the European Union
  • The monarchy was abolished
  • Norway became a republic
  • Parliamentarism was established (correct)
  • Which of the following events occurred in 1905 in Norway?

  • The union with Sweden was dissolved (correct)
  • Norway joined NATO
  • The first polar expedition was completed
  • Oil was discovered
  • What was one of the main economic sectors contributing to Norway's wealth after oil discovery?

  • Manufacturing
  • Oil and gas production (correct)
  • Tourism
  • Agriculture
  • What major international alliance did Norway join after World War II?

    <p>NATO (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant economic challenge Norway faced in the late 1980s?

    <p>Banking crisis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary staples did the earliest inhabitants of Norway primarily rely on?

    <p>Seafood and game, particularly reindeer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the Neolithic period begin in Norway?

    <p>4,000 BC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period were hilltop forts constructed in Norway?

    <p>Migration Period (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event halved the population of Norway around 1349?

    <p>The Black Death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant political change happened in Norway in 1814?

    <p>Norway declared independence and adopted a constitution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treaty ceded Norway to the king of Sweden?

    <p>Treaty of Kiel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a direct result of the Reformation in Norway in 1537?

    <p>Introduction of absolute monarchy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what decade did industrialization begin in Norway?

    <p>1840s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Viking Age

    The period in Norway's history when Vikings were prominent, marked by seafaring, trade, and raids.

    Black Death

    A drastic reduction in the Norwegian population in the 14th century caused by outbreaks of a deadly disease.

    Kalmar Union

    The 14th century union between Norway, Denmark, and Sweden.

    Reformation in Norway

    The process of adopting Protestant Christianity in Norway, influenced by Denmark in 1537.

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    Denmark–Norway (1523-1814)

    The period when Norway was ruled by Denmark and the Norwegian monarch held absolute power.

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    1814 Norwegian Constitution

    The Norwegian constitution adopted in 1814, signifying a move towards independence.

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    Union with Sweden

    The period (1814–1905) where Norway was in a personal union with Sweden, sharing the Swedish king but retaining its own institutions.

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    Industrialization in Norway

    The period beginning in the 1840s where Norway experienced industrial growth and technological advancements.

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    Parliamentarism in Norway

    Parliamentarism is a system of government where the executive branch (the government) is accountable to the legislative branch (parliament). In Norway, this system was established in 1884 when King Oscar II appointed Johan Sverdrup as prime minister.

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    Dissolution of the Union with Sweden

    Norway's union with Sweden ended in 1905, allowing Norway to become an independent nation. This event marked a significant step towards Norway's self-governance.

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    Economic Growth in Early 20th Century Norway

    Norway experienced a period of economic growth and prosperity in the early 20th century, primarily driven by its shipping industry and the development of hydropower.

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    German Occupation of Norway

    During World War II, Germany occupied Norway from 1940 to 1945. This occupation had a significant impact on the country and its people.

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    Oil Discovery and its Impact on Norway

    The discovery of oil in Norway in 1969 transformed the country's economy, bringing immense wealth and solidifying its position as a major oil exporter. This economic boom led to a period of prosperity and social welfare improvements.

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    Study Notes

    Early Norway: Influence of Terrain and Climate

    • Early inhabitants migrated north along the coast, following the retreat of glaciers, aided by the warming Gulf Stream.
    • Hunter-gatherer lifestyle focused on seafood and reindeer.
    • Early agricultural settlements appeared around the Oslofjord by 5000-4000 BC and spread southwards.

    Neolithic Period to the Viking Age

    • Neolithic period began in 4000 BC, leading to chieftain control and hilltop fort construction.
    • 8th to 11th Centuries saw Norse expansion across seas to Britain, Iceland, and Greenland.
    • Viking Age also saw Norwegian unification.
    • Christianization completed in the 11th century, Nidaros becoming an archdiocese.
    • Population growth until the Black Death halved the population in 1349. (Oslo: 3,000; Bergen: 7,000; Trondheim: 4,000)
    • Bergen became a major trading port controlled by the Hanseatic League.
    • Norway joined the Kalmar Union with Denmark and Sweden in 1397.

    Union with Denmark & Sweden

    • After Sweden's departure in 1523, Norway became a junior partner in Denmark–Norway.
    • Reformation introduced in 1537, and absolute monarchy imposed in 1661.
    • In 1814, following the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was ceded to the Swedish king by the Treaty of Kiel.
    • Norway declared independence, adopted a constitution, but faced Swedish opposition.
    • Norway and Sweden subsequently concluded the Convention of Moss, establishing a personal union with Sweden where Norway retained its constitution and institutions, excluding foreign service.
    • Union formally ratified and Charles XIII of Sweden became king of Norway.

    19th and 20th Centuries

    • Industrialization started in the 1840s, followed by large-scale emigration to North America from the 1860s.
    • Parliamentarism established in 1884 with Johan Sverdrup appointed prime minister.
    • The union with Sweden dissolved in 1905.
    • Polar expeditions by figures like Fridtjof Nansen and Roald Amundsen (1880s-1920s).
    • Shipping and hydroelectricity were key income sources.
    • Fluctuating economy and labor movement growth.
    • German occupation (1940-1945), followed by NATO membership and reconstruction under public planning.
    • Oil discovery in 1969 made Norway a major exporter, contributing to economic growth.

    Modern Norway

    • 1980s deregulation, encountering a banking crisis in 1989-1990. • Oil and gas production accounted for 20% of Norway's economy by the 21st century, fostering a large sovereign wealth fund by 2017.

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    Description

    Explore the influences of terrain and climate on early Norwegian inhabitants, from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural settlements along the Oslofjord. Delve into the Neolithic period, Viking Age expansions, and the formation of key unions with Denmark and Sweden. This quiz will test your knowledge of Norway's rich historical tapestry.

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