Early Computing and Global Communication

Who is credited with developing the first electronic digital computer in 1939?

John Vincent Atanasoff

What was the primary purpose of the 'Colossus' computer developed by Alan Turing during WWII?

To decode Nazi war codes

What was the first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957?

Sputnik 1

What was the name of the first civilian telecommunications satellite launched by NASA in 1964?

Syncom III Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the commercial communications satellite launched in 1965?

Intelsat I or 'The Early Bird' Signup and view all the answers

What is Holocaust denial, and on which conspiracy theories is it based?

Holocaust denial is a form of genocide denial that asserts the Nazi genocide of Jews is a myth, fabrication, or exaggeration, and it is based on antisemitic conspiracy theories. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the era of rapid technological advancements that followed the development of early computers and satellite communications?

The Third Information Revolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of whitewashing, and how does it relate to the Japanese history textbooks controversies?

The primary purpose of whitewashing is to intentionally hide or cover up vices, crimes, or scandals, and in the context of Japanese history textbooks, it refers to the nationalist right efforts to cover up the actions of the Empire of Japan during World War II. Signup and view all the answers

How does social media contribute to the spread of false information, and what is the result of this phenomenon?

Social media contributes to the spread of false information by allowing people to easily disseminate and access information without fact-checking, leading to a loss of individualization and sense of selfhood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mass media in spreading false information, and how does it relate to the concept of a mass society?

Mass media plays a significant role in spreading false information by manipulating public opinion and creating a sense of uniformity, and in a mass society, individuals are subject to this manipulation and lose their autonomy. Signup and view all the answers

How do people's reliance on social media for information contribute to the spread of false information, and what is the consequence of this trend?

People's reliance on social media for information contributes to the spread of false information by allowing them to easily access and accept information without fact-checking, leading to a loss of critical thinking and autonomy. Signup and view all the answers

What is deindividuation, and how does it relate to the spread of false information on social media?

Deindividuation is a situation where people act in groups losing a sense of individualization, and on social media, it enables people to easily accept and spread false information without critical thinking. Signup and view all the answers

What are 'belief echoes' and how do they relate to the persistence of inaccuracy in regards to fake news?

Belief echoes are when people remember fake news and claim that it was true, even when they were later presented with correct information, and they relate to the persistence of inaccuracy as they can remain even after corrections are provided. Signup and view all the answers

What is biodiversity and what are the three levels of it?

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth, and it has three levels: genetic, species, and ecosystem. Signup and view all the answers

What is genetic biodiversity and what is an example of it?

Genetic biodiversity refers to the variations in the different genes present in individual organisms, and an example of it is the differences in genetic sequences among individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between species biodiversity and ecosystem biodiversity?

Species biodiversity refers to the variations within and among populations in a species, as well as the differences between and among species, whereas ecosystem biodiversity refers to all ecosystems, ecological processes, and biological communities. Signup and view all the answers

What is an endemic species and why is it important to conservation efforts?

An endemic species is one that is native or restrictive to a particular area, and it is important to conservation efforts because it is often unique to that area and may be vulnerable to extinction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a 'species' in terms of biodiversity?

A species is a group of organisms that have common genetic, ecological, and evolutionary characteristics, and can interbreed and produce viable offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What are two major threats to species' populations, apart from the introduction of invasive species?

Diseases brought by changing climate and human activities, and illegal collection of animal parts (such as elephant tusks and rhinoceros' horns) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary step in creating a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)?

The identification of a trait of interest Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assessing the biosafety of GMOS before they can be produced and consumed?

To ensure the safety of the organism and the environment Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the sectors where GMOS are used?

Agricultural, industrial, health, and environmental Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe organisms whose genetic make-up has been artificially modified through engineering?

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOS) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the gene responsible for the trait of interest in the process of making a GMO?

It is isolated and inserted into the genome of the organism being modified Signup and view all the answers

What is one application of nanosensors in food safety?

Detecting the presence of pathogens in food Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of BIONANOCOMPOSITES that makes them useful in production of biodegradable plastics?

Flexibility and strength Signup and view all the answers

How can MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES be used in medicine?

To detect cancer cells and tumors in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential health impact of exposure to nanoparticles?

Pulmonary Toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is one concern about the impact of nanotechnology on the environment?

The effects of nanoparticles on the environment are not yet understood Signup and view all the answers

How can humans be exposed to nanoparticles?

Direct contact, inhalation, ingestion, or insertion into the body Signup and view all the answers