Early Computing and Global Communication

John Vincent Atanasoff

To decode Nazi war codes

Sputnik 1

Syncom III

Intelsat I or 'The Early Bird'

Holocaust denial is a form of genocide denial that asserts the Nazi genocide of Jews is a myth, fabrication, or exaggeration, and it is based on antisemitic conspiracy theories.

The Third Information Revolution

The primary purpose of whitewashing is to intentionally hide or cover up vices, crimes, or scandals, and in the context of Japanese history textbooks, it refers to the nationalist right efforts to cover up the actions of the Empire of Japan during World War II.

Social media contributes to the spread of false information by allowing people to easily disseminate and access information without fact-checking, leading to a loss of individualization and sense of selfhood.

Mass media plays a significant role in spreading false information by manipulating public opinion and creating a sense of uniformity, and in a mass society, individuals are subject to this manipulation and lose their autonomy.

People's reliance on social media for information contributes to the spread of false information by allowing them to easily access and accept information without fact-checking, leading to a loss of critical thinking and autonomy.

Deindividuation is a situation where people act in groups losing a sense of individualization, and on social media, it enables people to easily accept and spread false information without critical thinking.

Belief echoes are when people remember fake news and claim that it was true, even when they were later presented with correct information, and they relate to the persistence of inaccuracy as they can remain even after corrections are provided.

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth, and it has three levels: genetic, species, and ecosystem.

Genetic biodiversity refers to the variations in the different genes present in individual organisms, and an example of it is the differences in genetic sequences among individuals.

Species biodiversity refers to the variations within and among populations in a species, as well as the differences between and among species, whereas ecosystem biodiversity refers to all ecosystems, ecological processes, and biological communities.

An endemic species is one that is native or restrictive to a particular area, and it is important to conservation efforts because it is often unique to that area and may be vulnerable to extinction.

A species is a group of organisms that have common genetic, ecological, and evolutionary characteristics, and can interbreed and produce viable offspring.

Diseases brought by changing climate and human activities, and illegal collection of animal parts (such as elephant tusks and rhinoceros' horns)

The identification of a trait of interest

To ensure the safety of the organism and the environment

Agricultural, industrial, health, and environmental

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOS)

It is isolated and inserted into the genome of the organism being modified

Detecting the presence of pathogens in food

Flexibility and strength

To detect cancer cells and tumors in the body

Pulmonary Toxicity

The effects of nanoparticles on the environment are not yet understood

Direct contact, inhalation, ingestion, or insertion into the body