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Questions and Answers
What was the significance of the Mark I computer developed in 1937?
What was the significance of the Mark I computer developed in 1937?
Which component was primarily used in the ABC computer built in 1939?
Which component was primarily used in the ABC computer built in 1939?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the computers built in the late 1930s?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the computers built in the late 1930s?
In what year was the first fully electronic digital computer, ABC, developed?
In what year was the first fully electronic digital computer, ABC, developed?
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What was the primary technological advancement of the ABC computer?
What was the primary technological advancement of the ABC computer?
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What significant feature did OS/360 introduced by IBM in 1964 include?
What significant feature did OS/360 introduced by IBM in 1964 include?
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Which operating system was developed by MIT in 1962?
Which operating system was developed by MIT in 1962?
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What was a key focus of the time-sharing OS called CTSS?
What was a key focus of the time-sharing OS called CTSS?
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In what year was the OS/360 operating system released?
In what year was the OS/360 operating system released?
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Which of the following best describes the legacy of the CTSS operating system?
Which of the following best describes the legacy of the CTSS operating system?
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Study Notes
Early Computers
- Mark I was built in 1937, developed by Aiken at Harvard University and IBM
- The first electronic computer using relays
- ABC, built in 1939, was the first fully electronic digital computer
- It used vacuum tubes and included many modern operating system (OS) features
- IBM's OS/360, released in 1964, introduced batch processing of programs
- In 1962, MIT Project MAC created a time-sharing operating system called CTSS
Operating Systems
- CTSS was designed to enable multiple users to share one computer at a time, which was a new concept
- Dennis Ritchie developed the programming language C, which was used to rewrite much of Unix in a high-level language
- Unix introduced the following features:
- A hierarchical file system
- The shell concept
- Document production and formatting
- Tools for networked and distributed processing
Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)
- Doug Englebart, at the Stanford Research Institute, invented windows and a mouse interface in the 1960s
- Xerox PARC created a practical windowing system for the Dynabook project in the 1970s
- Steve Jobs, at Apple, developed the Apple Lisa and Macintosh in the 1980s
The IBM PC
- The IBM PC was released as a single-user computer in 1982
- It came with PC-DOS and MS-DOS (Disk Operating Systems)
- Later versions of DOS added file redirection, hierarchical directory file storage, and better memory management
- Windows 2.0, Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7 were all developed for PC compatibility
Communications
- In the 1960s and 1970s, multi-terminal computer system users communicated by talk and email facilities
- The standard username@hostname email standard was created by Ray Tomlinson in 1971
- Modems allowed users to connect to office systems, electronic bulletin board systems (BBS), Compuserve, AOL, and Prodigy
- ARPANET was begun in 1969, leading to the inception of the World Wide Web, begun in 1991 by Tim Berners Lee
- The first TCP-IP wide area network was launched in 1985
- Mosaic, the first graphical browser, was developed in 1993 by Max Andreessen
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Description
Test your knowledge on the evolution of early computers and operating systems. This quiz covers significant milestones like the Mark I, the introduction of batch processing with IBM's OS/360, and the development of Unix and graphical user interfaces. Dive into the technological advancements that shaped modern computing!
