Early Classical Period Art and Architecture

Early Classical Period (c. 480-450 BCE)

• Characterized by 5th/6th century votives originating from notable sites such as the Athenian Acropolis and Delphi.
• Key locations include the Temple of Apollo and the Siphnian Treasury in Delphi, as well as the Temple of Hera and Temple of Zeus in Olympia.

Notable Artworks and Sculptures

• Kritios Boy: Significant representation from 490 BCE showcasing the evolution of Greek sculpture.
• Moschophoros (Calfbearer): Created in 560 BCE, exemplifies early attempts in depicting human anatomy and expression.
• Rampin Rider: Dating around 550 BCE, potentially represents one of Peisistratos' sons, indicative of political patronage.
• Euenor and Angelitos Athena: Showcases votive practices from 470 BCE.
• Mourning Athena: Another important piece from 470 BCE that highlights themes of loss and devotion.

Architectural Structures

• Temple of Apollo: 2nd century structure renowned for its complex, which includes a theatre and a stadium, affirming its cultural significance.
• Temple of Hera: Early Classical structure built in the 6th century, forming part of the sacred site in Olympia.
• Temple of Zeus: East facade construction dated 468-457 BCE, renowned for its elaborate metopes depicting mythological narratives.

Siphnian Treasury

• Caryatid: 525 BCE figure serving as a column in the Siphnian Treasury, displaying Ionian style influences.
• East Pediment and Frieze: Includes intricate details and narratives from 525 BCE, embodying archaic elements while transitioning to the Classical style.

Votive Offerings at Delphi

• Delphi Votives: Spanning various periods, from geometric (750 BCE) to archaic (580 BCE), illustrating the evolution of artistic styles.
• Statues and Symbolism: Includes representations such as Cleobis and Biton (580 BCE), and the Naxian Sphinx (580 BCE), which serve as religious dedications.

Themes and Motifs in Sculpture

• Herakles Metopes on Temple of Zeus: Illustrate famous labors, such as his encounters with the Nemean Lion and Stymphalian Birds, emphasizing heroism.
• Zeus and Ganymede: A significant votive dedicated to the divine connection and beauty, created around 470 BCE.

Other Notable Figures

• Charioteer: Bronze sculpture from 478 BCE, significant for its realism and dedication by Polyzalos of Gela.
• Riace Warriors: Two bronze statuettes from 470 BCE showcasing advanced techniques in metalworking and anatomical proportions.

Late Classical Contributions

• Polykleitos's Doryphoros (Spear Bearer): High Classical sculpture created in 440 BCE emphasizing idealized male form.
• Praxiteles's Hermes and Baby Dionysos: Late Classical work from 340 BCE, displaying relaxed poses and humanistic features.

Significance of the Period

• The Early Classical Period marks a transition in Greek art from the rigid forms and stylistic conventions of the Archaic period towards more naturalistic and human-centered representations, setting the stage for future artistic developments in the High Classical era.