Early Childhood Learning Approaches

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What is the primary method of learning encouraged in children according to the text?

Through interacting with their environment and discovery (correct)

Through instructions and being told things

Through models and objects only

Through visual aids and diagrams only

What can help learning, according to the text?

Only storytelling

Only outdoor activities

Models, objects, and visual aids (correct)

Long instructions and lectures

What is the capability of Freda, according to the text?

Counting the number of animals

Reading stories about animals

Putting pens into size order

Working out which is the slowest and fastest animal (correct)

How can teachers help develop concrete operational development, according to the text?

By asking children to concentrate on more than one aspect of an issue Signup and view all the answers

What might a 4-year-old child associate with pain, according to the text?

Pain anywhere in the body Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the stages of development important for pain management, according to the text?

Because it helps health professionals understand how children perceive pain Signup and view all the answers

What refers to the standards of right and wrong behaviour that can differ between cultures and depend on the situation?

Morals Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of moral development in children?

Understanding right and wrong, and making moral decisions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main task of the child in the experiment with the three mountains model?

To pick out the picture that represents what they can see from different positions Signup and view all the answers

Who developed a theory of moral development that involves stages?

Both Piaget and Kohlberg Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for rules decided by the individual person?

Autonomous Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of children in the pre-operational stage?

They show egocentrism and choose pictures based on their own view Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is collected from the experiment with the three mountains model?

Qualitative data Signup and view all the answers

What did Piaget use to test a child's moral development?

A story about a child breaking cups Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children start to understand that others can see the model differently?

From 7 to 9 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for rules put into place by others?

Heteronomous Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between children in the pre-operational stage and those in the concrete operational stage?

Their ability to understand other people's viewpoints Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the doll in the experiment with the three mountains model?

To help the child understand the doll's view Signup and view all the answers

What is a strength of Gunderson et al.'s study?

It used video material to increase validity Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of praising a child's ability rather than their effort?

The child may stop trying if they are not praised Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between praising a child's ability and praising their effort?

Praising ability focuses on the child, while praising effort focuses on the task Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of Gunderson et al.'s study for parents?

Parents should focus on praising their child's effort Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind the phrase 'that was good reading'?

The child's actions can be good or bad Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a child who believes their abilities are fixed and one who believes their abilities can be developed?

One has a fixed mindset, while the other has a growth mindset Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between 'heteronomous' and 'autonomous' stages of morality development?

The focus on consequences versus intentions Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, what is the primary source of morality for children aged 5 to 10 years?

Others around them, such as parents and teachers Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor in determining whether an action is good or bad in the 'autonomous' stage of morality development?

The intentions behind the action Signup and view all the answers

What is the main similarity between Piaget and Kohlberg's theories of moral development?

They both use stories to assess moral development Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range associated with the 'preconventional morality' level of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg?

Up to about 9 years old Signup and view all the answers

How many stages of moral development are proposed by Kohlberg?

Six stages Signup and view all the answers