Early 19th Century US History

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Questions and Answers

Which ideology would have been LEAST likely to support the Louisiana Purchase?

  • Military personnel seeking expansion
  • A strict constitutionalist (correct)
  • Farmers desiring more land
  • A proponent of Manifest Destiny

What constitutional challenge did Thomas Jefferson face regarding the Louisiana Purchase?

  • The Constitution explicitly forbade the purchase of territory from foreign powers. (correct)
  • Napoleon refused to sell the territory initially due to its strategic importance against England.
  • The Spanish demanded an exorbitant price for Florida, straining US finances.
  • Jefferson's Secretary of State threatened to resign in protest of the purchase.

What broader trend in federal power is most directly represented by the Supreme Court decisions during the early 19th century?

  • The expansion of state power at the expense of the federal government.
  • The growth of federal power through Supreme Court rulings establishing federal supremacy. (correct)
  • The consistent reduction of the federal government’s size and scope.
  • The decline of federal authority due to state nullification.

Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor to the War of 1812?

<p>Aaron Burr's plot to form a separate nation in the West. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the outcome of the War of 1812?

<p>The war ended in a stalemate with no clear victor, and pre-war conditions were largely restored. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the War Hawks in the early 19th century?

<p>To instigate a war with England to protect American trade rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Supreme Court's ruling in Gibbons v. Ogden impact the balance of power in the early 19th century?

<p>It affirmed federal control over interstate commerce. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the most significant long-term effect of John Marshall's tenure as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

<p>It established the Supreme Court as the final arbiter of constitutional interpretation, strengthening federal power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle was established by the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

<p>The Supreme Court has the power to declare laws unconstitutional. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who served as U.S. President during the War of 1812?

<p>James Madison (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the forced enlistment of American sailors into the British navy?

<p>Impressment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who acted as a guide and interpreter for Lewis and Clark during their expedition?

<p>Sacagawea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The War of 1812 is sometimes referred to as the:

<p>War of 1812 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the overriding ambition of the War Hawks in advocating for war with Britain in 1812?

<p>To seize territories in Canada and Florida. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the War of 1812, which territory did the American military unsuccessfully attempt to invade?

<p>Canada (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Louisiana Purchase: Opposition

A strict constitutionalist would NOT traditionally support it because the Constitution doesn't explicitly grant the power to purchase land.

Jefferson's Dilemma: Louisiana Purchase

Purchasing territory was a power not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, conflicting with Jefferson's strict interpretation.

Cartoon Interpretation: Federal Power

The cartoon represents the idea that the federal government is growing stronger due to Supreme Court cases.

War of 1812: Causes (Exclusion)

Aaron Burr's conspiracy to create new nations in the West was NOT a cause of the War of 1812; the others were.

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War of 1812: Outcome

The War of 1812 resulted in a near draw before the British decided to retreat.

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War Hawks: Motivation

The War Hawks supported a war against England because it was abusing American trade rights.

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Gibbons v. Ogden: Impact

Gibbons v. Ogden expanded federal control over commerce (trade).

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John Marshall's Court: Impact

The Supreme Court under John Marshall strengthened the powers of the federal government.

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Marbury v. Madison: Significance

Marbury v. Madison established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review.

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President During War of 1812

James Madison was the U.S. president during the War of 1812.

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Impressment

Impressment best describes the forced service of the American sailor in the British military.

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Lewis and Clark Guide

Sacagawea served as a guide for Lewis and Clark.

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War of 1812 Nickname

War of 1812 was known as the 'second war for American Independence'.

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War Hawks' War Goals

The War Hawks desired war with Britain to gain control of Canada and Florida.

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War of 1812: Invasion Target

The American army unsuccessfully tried to invade Canada during the War of 1812.

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Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon's Motive

Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States to raise money to fund his war with England.

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Study Notes

  • A strict constitutionalist would NOT traditionally support the Louisiana Purchase.
  • Thomas Jefferson encountered a problem regarding the purchase of the Louisiana Territory because purchasing territory, a power not mentioned in the constitution, conflicted with his strict interpretation of the constitution.
  • The cartoon represents the idea that the federal government is growing stronger due to Supreme Court cases.
  • All of the following were causes of the War of 1812 EXCEPT Aaron Burr's conspiracy to create a new nations in the West.
  • The statement that most accurately describes the results of the War of 1812 is that United States forces fought to a near draw before the British decided to retreat.
  • During the early 19th century, the War Hawks were a group that supported a war against England on the basis that it was abusing American rights of trade.
  • The decision in Gibbons v. Ogden expanded federal control over commerce (trade).
  • The most important impact of the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall was that it strengthened the powers of the federal government.
  • The decision of the United States Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the power of the Supreme Court to determine if laws are constitutional (Judicial Review).
  • James Madison was the U.S. president during the War of 1812.
  • The term that best describes what happened to the speaker ("My job began as an American Sailor but I have been working for the British military for almost a year! It was not my choice to be a slave at war with France!") is impressment.
  • Sacagawea served as a guide for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark on their expedition to the Pacific.
  • The War of 1812 was known as the "second war for American Independence".
  • The major reason why the War Hawks desired a war with Britain in 1812 was they wanted to gain control of Canada and Florida.
  • The American army unsuccessfully tried to invade Canada during the War of 1812.
  • The painting from the War of 1812 depicts Francis Scott Key.
  • The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812.
  • The area explored and claimed for the United States by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark was the Louisiana Territory.
  • Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States to raise money to fund his war with England.

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