Podcast
Questions and Answers
External otitis is the inflammation of the outer ear and is commonly associated with water, especially in conditions like Swimmer's ear.
External otitis is the inflammation of the outer ear and is commonly associated with water, especially in conditions like Swimmer's ear.
True (A)
The main treatment for severe systemic infections of the ear is ear drops alone.
The main treatment for severe systemic infections of the ear is ear drops alone.
False (B)
Corticosteroids are used to treat inflammation present in the ear.
Corticosteroids are used to treat inflammation present in the ear.
True (A)
Cerumenolytics are designed to harden earwax for easier removal from the auditory canal.
Cerumenolytics are designed to harden earwax for easier removal from the auditory canal.
When administering ear drops to adults, the ear should be pulled down and back.
When administering ear drops to adults, the ear should be pulled down and back.
Prostaglandin analogues are used to increase fluid production in the eye as part of glaucoma treatment.
Prostaglandin analogues are used to increase fluid production in the eye as part of glaucoma treatment.
Beta-adrenergic blockers reduce intraocular pressure by increasing the production of aqueous humor.
Beta-adrenergic blockers reduce intraocular pressure by increasing the production of aqueous humor.
Intranasal decongestants should ideally be used for longer than 5 days to ensure effective relief.
Intranasal decongestants should ideally be used for longer than 5 days to ensure effective relief.
When administering nasal decongestants, it is important to spray away from the nasal septum to avoid irritation.
When administering nasal decongestants, it is important to spray away from the nasal septum to avoid irritation.
Cycloplegics are used to paralyze the eye muscles, allowing for procedures like cataract surgery.
Cycloplegics are used to paralyze the eye muscles, allowing for procedures like cataract surgery.
Study Notes
Ear Disorders
- Otitis externa (external otitis): Inflammation of the outer ear, often associated with water exposure (swimmer's ear).
- Otitis media (middle ear infection): Inflammation of the middle ear, often associated with upper respiratory infections, allergies, or auditory tube dysfunction.
- Impacted cerumen (earwax): A blockage of the ear canal by earwax.
- Otic administration: Used to treat ear conditions, including infections and ear canal blockages.
- Otic drug types:
- Anti-infectives: Treat ear infections. Common examples include amoxicillin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, neomycin, polymyxin B, hydrocortisone, chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolones.
- Cerumenolytics: Soften earwax for easier removal.
- Ear drop application:
- Adults and older children: Pull ear back and up.
- Children under 3: Pull ear down and back.
- Ear drops for middle ear infections: May cause allergic reactions, leading to hives.
- Severe ear infections: Often require systemic (oral or intravenous) antibiotics in addition to ear drops.
Eye Disorders
- Glaucoma drops: Used to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) and prevent optic nerve damage.
- Cycloplegics: Paralyze eye muscles, dilate the pupil, and allow for procedures like cataract surgery.
- Mydriatics: Dilate the pupil for better visualization of the eye's internal structures.
- Prostaglandin analogues: Reduce IOP by decreasing fluid production.
- Beta-adrenergic blockers: Decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor production (medications ending in “-olol”).
- Glaucoma pharmacotherapy: Often requires combination therapy to achieve desired IOP reduction.
- Nasal administration: Used for both local and systemic effects.
- Nasal decongestants:
- Actions: Constrict blood vessels, shrinking swollen nasal membranes.
- Use: Limited to 3-5 days due to rebound congestion.
- Forms: Over-the-counter sprays and drops.
- Nasal corticosteroids:
- Actions: Suppress the immune/inflammatory response.
- Use: Not for long-term use. Take several weeks for full effectiveness. Best to use before the peak allergy season.
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Description
This quiz covers various ear disorders such as otitis externa and media, impacted cerumen, and the use of otic medications. It also details proper techniques for administering ear drops and potential allergic reactions to treatments. Test your knowledge on ear health and treatments!
