Ear Anatomy and Surgical Procedures Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)?

To treat throat infections

To realign nasal fractures

To remove the nasal septum

To drain sinuses and improve aeration (correct)

What does a closed reduction of a nasal fracture involve?

Inserting screws for alignment

Applying a nasal splint post-surgery

Surgical removal of bone fragments

External manipulation without incision (correct)

Which segment of the throat does the hypopharynx belong to?

Larynx

Oropharynx

Pharynx (correct)

Oral cavity

In nasoseptoplasty, what is the primary goal of the procedure?

To remove obstructions improving air entry Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the isthmus in the thyroid anatomy?

It joins the two lobes of the thyroid Signup and view all the answers

What is administered by the pituitary gland when thyroid hormone levels decrease?

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is primarily used in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)?

Endoscope Signup and view all the answers

What is a common condition treated by nasoseptoplasty?

Deviated septum causing nasal obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is not part of the throat?

Salivary glands Signup and view all the answers

What condition may necessitate Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)?

Nasal obstruction due to polyps Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the body?

To act as an antagonist to calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure is indicated for the removal of chronic tonsillitis?

Tonsillectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with thyroidectomy surgeries?

Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve Signup and view all the answers

In a radical neck dissection, which of the following structures is typically removed?

Cervical nodes Signup and view all the answers

During a parotidectomy, which major risk is especially noted?

Facial nerve injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical positioning for a patient undergoing perioperative procedures related to the neck?

Supine with shoulders rolled and head extended Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically preserved during a thyroidectomy?

Trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a laryngoscope during laryngoscopy?

To visualize the glottis or vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

What two surgeries are usually performed simultaneously for pediatric patients with throat infections?

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy Signup and view all the answers

What method is commonly used to isolate major blood vessels during surgery?

Vessel loops Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a tracheostomy prior to a neck dissection?

To manage potential airway obstruction during surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves the removal of the mandible and a radical neck dissection?

Commando Procedure Signup and view all the answers

When performing a tracheostomy, which item must be tested for leaks before passing it to the surgeon?

Cuff of the trach tube Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication patients may experience post-surgery involving neck dissection?

Difficulty swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is specifically mentioned for securing the tracheostomy tube?

Nylon sutures Signup and view all the answers

What condition is NOT typically a reason for performing a tracheostomy?

Routine suctioning needs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of surgical removal does a modified neck dissection refer to?

Partial removal of cervical nodes Signup and view all the answers

What specific surgical instrument is used for isolating major vessels during a procedure?

Vessel loops Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flap could be used in reconstructive surgery?

Free flap Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor to consider when performing a tracheostomy?

Positioning of the patient Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of myringotomy in patients with acute otitis media?

To drain fluid under pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which structure within the ear is primarily affected during tympanoplasty?

Tympanic membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical consideration during surgical interventions involving the ear?

Facial nerve monitoring Signup and view all the answers

Which incision technique is commonly used in mastoidectomy?

Incision through the eardrum Signup and view all the answers

What type of hearing loss is a cochlear implant typically used to treat?

Severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anesthesia is commonly applied for nasal surgeries to control bleeding?

Local anesthesia with topical epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What postoperative care is essential for patients undergoing tympanoplasty?

Post-op packing with antibiotic ointment Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is NOT part of the middle ear?

Cochlea Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nasal sinuses?

Help humidify and filter air Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of perioperative nursing is vital during ear surgeries?

Maintaining supine position with a shoulder roll Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of endoscopic surgery during Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)?

To drain sinuses and create aeration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a characteristic of nasoseptoplasty?

It aims to straighten the septum to alleviate nasal obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What treatment method is employed during closed reduction of nasal fractures?

Manual realignment without incision Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of thyroid function is primarily influenced by the pituitary gland?

Release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Signup and view all the answers

In which anatomical section is the isthmus located within the thyroid?

Connecting the two lobes Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does nasal packing or a Denver split serve in the context of nasal fractures?

To maintain alignment post-manual reduction Signup and view all the answers

What are common reasons for undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)?

To treat nasal polyps and sinus blockages Signup and view all the answers

How long are splints typically kept in situ following a nasoseptoplasty?

Two to three days Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the throat connects the oral cavity to the larynx?

Oropharynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of septoplasty?

To alleviate nasal airway obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in regulating calcium levels in the blood?

Increase removal of calcium from bone storage Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure involves the risk of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves?

Thyroidectomy Signup and view all the answers

In which procedure are laryngoscopes utilized?

Laryngoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential postoperative complication following a parotidectomy?

Facial nerve injury Signup and view all the answers

Which component is typically preserved during a thyroidectomy if there is remaining thyroid tissue?

Parathyroid glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern for a nurse when positioning a patient for perioperative care related to neck surgeries?

Maintaining airway stability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following surgeries might involve the removal of malignant tissues from the neck?

Radical neck dissection Signup and view all the answers

In relation to oral cavity surgeries, why is an adenoidectomy often performed simultaneously with tonsillectomy?

To address chronic nasal obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is used to visualize the vocal cords during a laryngoscopy?

Laryngoscope Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structures may be removed during a radical neck dissection?

Cervical nodes and sternocleidomastoid muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for performing a tracheostomy?

To prevent aspiration in patients with swallowing difficulties Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is essential for securing the tracheostomy tube?

Nylon suture Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is NOT associated with a modified neck dissection?

Apnea during recovery Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure must occur before performing a neck dissection?

Tracheostomy Signup and view all the answers

What is a key instrument used to identify major vessels during surgery?

Nerve stimulator Signup and view all the answers

What aspect must be confirmed with the surgeon regarding tracheostomy?

Obturator sizes needed Signup and view all the answers

Which condition does NOT typically require a tracheostomy?

Chronic migraines Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would a patient NOT typically experience facial numbness after surgery?

Receiving elective tracheostomy Signup and view all the answers

What are vessel loops primarily used for during a surgical procedure?

To isolate and protect major vessels Signup and view all the answers

Which flap technique is mentioned in the context of reconstructive surgery?

Free flap Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a tympanoplasty procedure?

To repair the tympanic membrane due to perforation Signup and view all the answers

Which condition typically indicates the need for a mastoidectomy?

Cholesteatoma in the mastoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial action taken during a myringotomy?

Incision into the tympanic membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which structure provides structural support to the nose?

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bones Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical nursing consideration for patients undergoing nasal surgery?

Maintaining a supine position to decrease swelling Signup and view all the answers

What type of hearing loss is a cochlear implant designed to address?

Sensorineural hearing loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for using povidone-iodine solution during ear surgeries?

To prevent infection during the procedure Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical tool is essential for performing a tympanoplasty?

Surgical microscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the eustachian tube within the middle ear?

To equalize air pressure in the ear Signup and view all the answers

What must be monitored to prevent complications during ear surgery?

Facial nerve integrity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy of the Ear

External Ear: Comprises the auricle, external auditory canal (cartilage and skin), and tympanic membrane.
Middle Ear: Contains the Eustachian tube and ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes).
Inner Ear: Consists of the cochlea and vestibular labyrinth.

Perioperative Nursing Considerations for Ear Surgery

Monitor facial nerve function during procedures.
Position patients supine with a shoulder roll.
Preoperative prepping uses povidone-iodine; avoid chlorhexidine as it is ototoxic.
Utilize a surgical microscope and appropriate draping techniques.

Ear Surgical Procedures

Myringotomy: Incision in the tympanic membrane to relieve pressure from acute otitis media; myringotomy tube is placed and removed naturally upon healing.
Mastoidectomy: Involves removal of diseased mastoid bone to treat cholesteatoma; includes eardrum incision for drainage.
Tympanoplasty: Repairs tympanic membrane to address hearing loss or perforation, utilizing grafts from the ear or tragus; requires post-operative ear packing with antibiotics.
Cochlear Implant: Used for profound hearing loss; involves implantation in the cochlea with an external sound processor.

Anatomy of the Nose

Composed of cartilage and bone with two external nares allowing air passage; functions to humidify and filter air.
Nasal Septum: Composed of nasal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and vomer bone.
Nasal Sinuses: Include the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses.

Perioperative Nursing Considerations for Nasal Surgery

Position patients supine; semi-Fowler's or Fowler's during recovery to reduce swelling.
Employ topical epinephrine on gauze to control bleeding; consider nasal packing and moustache dressings.

Rhinosurgery Procedures

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS): Endoscopic approach to drain sinuses by resecting tissue.
Closed Reduction of Nasal Fracture: Manual realignment of fractures without incision; often requires nasal packing.
Nasoseptoplasty: Straightens deviated septum for improved airflow; involves placement of splints.

Anatomy of the Throat

Oral Cavity: Includes the mouth and salivary glands.
Pharynx: Divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx.
Larynx: Comprises laryngeal cartilages, ligaments, and muscles, as well as the trachea.

Anatomy of the Thyroid

Produces hormones regulated by the pituitary gland; consists of two lobes connected by isthmus.
Thyroid hormone levels influence the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary.

Anatomy of the Parathyroid Gland

Contains four small, flat masses that secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium levels in the blood.

Perioperative Nursing Considerations for Throat Surgery

Position patients supine with head in gel ring and extended with shoulder roll.
Prepare for drainage and manage major vessels with ties and vessel loops.

Throat Surgical Procedures

Laryngoscopy: Visualization of the glottis and vocal cords.
Tonsillectomy: Removal of tonsils, often alongside adenoidectomy.
Thyroidectomy: Varies from partial to total removal of the thyroid gland, with risks including injury to vocal cords.
Parotidectomy: Removal of parotid gland due to benign tumors, with risks to the facial nerve.
Radical Neck Dissection: Extensive removal of malignant tissues, potentially requiring reconstructive surgery.
Tracheostomy: Surgical opening of the trachea for emergency airway access, confirmed with a test for leaks.

Instrumentation for Surgical Procedures

Utilize tracheal dilators, hooks, and appropriate sutures for securing tracheostomy tubes and wound closure.

Classroom/Exam Tips

Focus on surgical procedures and their indications.
Understand specific nursing considerations related to positioning and patient management.
Familiarize with instrumentation needed for various ENT surgeries.