E-Governance and Smart City Development

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Questions and Answers

Which of these initiatives is NOT directly related to women empowerment as described in the text?

  • Project Loon (correct)
  • Mahila E-Haat
  • Stand Up India
  • NARI portal

The use of Geographic Information System (GIS) in schemes like MNREGA and PMAY is mainly for disaster management.

False (B)

What are two ways in which technology can be used for real-time urban monitoring?

Real-time monitoring through CCTVs and data analytics.

The ______ system aims to ensure safe and secure cyberspace within the country.

<p>Cyber Security</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following technologies with their relevant applications:

<p>e-courts, e-police, e-jails, e-prosecution = Fast and effective justice delivery Sensors = Smart Cities Development NARI portal = Women Empowerment GIS = Project Planning, Design and Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these technologies is NOT directly related to smart city development as described in the text?

<p>e-prosecution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

India currently has the highest number of internet users globally.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key challenges mentioned regarding e-governance in India?

<p>Low internet penetration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enhances citizen access to information under the RTI Act?

<p>Proactive declaration of information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

E-governance can hinder the effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of a service that enhances financial inclusion?

<p>BHIM app</p> Signup and view all the answers

Through __________, anyone can reach government departments and ministers.

<p>Twitter Samvad</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following applications of e-governance to their respective examples:

<p>E-education = Massive Online Open Courses (MOOC) E-healthcare = Online medical consultation Farmers Welfare = e-NAM (e-National Agriculture Market) Disaster management = Mobile-based emergency services</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of using e-governance in disaster management?

<p>Real-time information dissemination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

E-governance promotes consensus-building through initiatives like video conferencing.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one method for enhancing digital literacy in schools.

<p>Promoting broadband services</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate number of broadband subscribers in India at the end of 2018?

<p>525 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

India has the highest cost per GB data rates in the world.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the digital literacy situation in rural areas of India?

<p>Low digital literacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to recent findings, only ___% of Indian adult citizens own smartphones.

<p>22</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following issues related to e-governance with their descriptions:

<p>Low internet penetration = 22% smartphone ownership among adults Digital Divide = Benefits of e-governance primarily for affluent sections Cybersecurity concerns = Service delivery affected by cyber-attacks Inconsistent services = Problems delaying essential services</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for data usage in India?

<p>73% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tele-density in India increased from 4 to 92 connections per 100 population.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the mission in India aimed at leveraging artificial intelligence in e-governance.

<p>National Mission on Artificial Intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Digital India program?

<p>To transform India into a digital empowered society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only 22% of Indian adult citizens own smartphones according to recent research.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Digital Divide?

<p>The disparity between different sections of society regarding access to and benefits from digital technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Digital India program includes ______ access to mobile connectivity as one of its vision areas.

<p>universal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following obstacles to their description:

<p>Low digital literacy = Especially prevalent in rural areas Cybercrime = Includes phishing and hacking Infrastructure inadequacies = Lack of broadband connectivity Service inconsistency = Delays in essential services due to poor internet connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three vision areas of Digital India?

<p>Universal healthcare access (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cyber-attacks can affect the delivery of government services.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiative is used to provide public internet access in India?

<p>Common Service Centers or Pragya Kendras</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many Mission mode projects are being implemented under e-governance?

<p>41 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

India is the largest mobile manufacturer in the world.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Common Service Centers (CSCs)?

<p>To provide e-governance services to villages and remote locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary focuses of the National Policy on Software Products?

<p>Achieve a tenfold increase in software product market share by 2025 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The platform utilizes emerging technologies such as __________ and __________.

<p>Cloud, Mobile Platform</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blockchain technology is managed by a single organization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of the electronic manufacturing initiative in India?

<p>Net Zero Import (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of M-governance?

<p>Cheaper mobile services</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following initiatives with their descriptions:

<p>Passport Seva = Improving delivery of passport services MCA 21 = Automating compliance under Companies Act MygGov.in = Two-way communication between citizens and government Common Service Centers = E-governance services in remote areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Public Wi-Fi is part of the Early Harvest Programmes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Indian government aims to nurture _____ software product start-ups.

<p>10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of job creation is mentioned as an example in the context of using IT?

<p>Job creation in BPOs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following priority mission areas with their focus:

<p>Indian Languages = Speech to Speech Conversion Health = Low cost Medical Screening Finance = Detection of financial frauds Transportation = Smart Traffic Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mission area focuses on doubling farmers' income?

<p>Agriculture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Digital signatures are a form of electronic signatures.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one application of Blockchain technology in e-governance?

<p>Land management</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

E-Justice System

Using technology to improve the efficiency of the justice system. This includes services like online courts, police systems, jails, and prosecution.

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A system using mapping and data to plan and manage projects.

Cyber Security

A system designed to protect computers and networks from cyber threats.

NARI Portal

A website created by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, providing information about government programs for women.

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Mahila E-Haat

An online marketplace where women entrepreneurs can sell their products. It's part of the Digital India and Stand Up India initiatives.

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Smart Cities Technology

Using technology to improve efficiency and services in urban areas. This includes things like automated local governments, real-time monitoring with cameras, and data-driven city planning.

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Pollution Monitoring Sensors

Using sensors to continuously monitor the level of pollution in the air.

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Smart Grids

A system that allows users to monitor and control their energy usage, often using smart meters.

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What is digital divide?

The gap between those who have access to digital technology and those who don't.

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What is digital literacy?

This refers to the lack of knowledge and skills in using digital technologies.

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What are the concerns over network reliability and security?

Issues related to internet connectivity, like unreliable service, slow speeds, and frequent disruptions.

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What are the potential issues with service consistency?

This refers to the inconsistencies or interruptions in the availability of online services.

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What is e-governance?

This refers to the benefits of using technology to improve government services.

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What is the Digital India program?

This programme aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society with access to technology and online services.

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What are the vision areas of Digital India?

These are the key areas of focus for the Digital India program.

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What are some of the key goals of the Digital India program?

These are the nine pillars of the Digital India program.

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Transparency in e-Governance

Making information available to citizens by publishing it online, especially under the RTI Act, promoting transparency in government processes.

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Consensus-building in e-Governance

Using technology like video conferencing to enable multi-party collaboration and decision-making, improving consensus-building amongst stakeholders.

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Responsiveness in e-Governance

Using online platforms like Twitter to engage with citizens, allowing them to raise concerns or seek assistance, making the government more responsive to public needs.

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Equity in e-Governance

Improving the delivery of services by ensuring equal access for all citizens, regardless of location or background.

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Financial Inclusion in e-Governance

Leveraging online platforms and mobile apps to provide a wide range of financial services to all citizens, promoting financial inclusion and accessibility.

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E-Education in e-Governance

Utilizing e-learning tools like Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and digital literacy initiatives to promote education and learning opportunities across diverse demographics.

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E-Healthcare in e-Governance

Employing online platforms for medical consultation, record keeping, and medicine supply, enhancing healthcare accessibility and efficiency.

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Disaster management in e-Governance

Leveraging online platforms and technological tools for effective disaster response, including awareness campaigns and fund collection.

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E-Kranti

A program that aims to deliver government services electronically through 41 mission-mode projects.

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MyGov.in

A platform allowing citizens to interact with the government through a two-way communication system.

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Electronic Manufacturing

A government initiative focusing on creating a self-sufficient electronics manufacturing ecosystem in India.

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Using IT for job creation

The use of Information Technology to generate employment opportunities, particularly in sectors like BPO.

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Early Harvest Programmes

Programs designed to provide immediate benefits through e-governance, like biometric attendance, public Wi-Fi, and SMS-based disaster alerts.

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Common Service Centers (CSCs)

Physical locations in rural areas offering various e-governance services, bridging the digital divide.

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National e-Governance Plan (NeGP)

A comprehensive plan for e-governance across India, aiming to integrate various initiatives into a collective vision.

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Passport Seva

An initiative by the Ministry of External Affairs to streamline and improve passport services for Indian citizens.

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MCA 21

An initiative of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs aimed at automating processes related to company registration, compliance, and enforcement.

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Tele-density

The number of mobile phone connections per 100 people in a region. A high tele-density indicates extensive mobile phone usage.

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Digital Divide

The difference in access to and use of digital technology between different groups of people, like those in rural vs. urban areas, or based on income or education.

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Digital Literacy

The ability to use and understand digital technology effectively and confidently. It encompasses various skills like operating computers, using the internet, and navigating digital platforms.

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E-Governance

The use of digital technology by governments to deliver public services and interact with citizens. It aims to enhance efficiency, transparency, and service delivery.

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National Mission on Artificial Intelligence

A government initiative focused on harnessing the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve public service delivery, economic development, and societal well-being.

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Internet Penetration

The percentage of the population with access to and use of the internet. A higher penetration rate indicates greater digital connectivity.

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Ransomware Attack (WannaCry)

A malicious software that encrypts a device's data and demands a ransom for decryption. This attack can disrupt critical services and cause significant financial losses.

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Cybercrime

Illegal activities conducted online, including phishing scams, hacking, identity theft, and cyberbullying. These activities can harm individuals and institutions.

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Blockchain

A decentralized and distributed database that constantly evolves by adding new blocks of information, each containing a timestamp and linkage to the previous block. This database is accessible to everyone in the network and maintains a permanent record of transactions.

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Digital Signature

An electronic signature used to verify the authenticity and integrity of digital documents. This digital signature ensures the sender's identity and prevents any unauthorized modifications to the document.

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National Policy on Software Products

It aims to transform India into a leading software product nation, boosting the country's share in the global software product market by 10 times by 2025. This policy encourages starting up and developing software products in India, fostering innovation and creating a talent pool of a million skilled individuals.

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Ayushman Bharat

This initiative, aimed at improving the healthcare system, focuses on doubling resource allocation for healthcare and reducing healthcare costs by half. It aims to provide affordable and accessible healthcare to every citizen.

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Smart Traffic Management

Utilizing technology to manage traffic efficiently, reducing congestion and improving the overall travel experience in urban areas.

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Doubling Farmers Income

An initiative focusing on doubling farmers' incomes through various strategies. It aims to boost agricultural productivity, improve technology access, and empower farmers by providing better market access and financial support.

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Financial Fraud Detection & Bad Loan Prediction

Utilizing artificial intelligence to identify potential financial frauds and predict bad loans. These AI systems analyze vast datasets to detect patterns and predict future risks.

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Study Notes

E-Governance Applications, Models, Successes, Limitations, and Potential

  • E-governance is the application of ICT to government functions to create 'Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive, and Transparent' (SMART) governance. It brings public services to citizens and businesses.
  • E-governance has become necessary because of the ability to eliminate long queues and tedious processes involved in obtaining documents.
  • E-governance enables efficient storage and retrieval of data, instantaneous transmission of information, and faster processing of information compared to manual systems.
  • It increases transparency, accountability, and the reach of government services, both geographically and demographically, allowing quicker decision making.
  • Key focus areas of e-governance include digital infrastructure (high-speed internet, digital identity, mobile access), digital services (integrated online services, ease of doing business, digital payments), and digital empowerment (digital literacy, digital resources, language localization, collaborative digital platforms).
  • E-governance is needed in order to uphold the 8 pillars of good governance which include participation of citizens in public affairs, transparency in decisional processes, consensus building, responsiveness, and accountability, and equity in service delivery amongst others.
  • Applications of E-governance include e-education (digital literacy, online courses, financial inclusion), e-healthcare (online consultation, medical records), farmers welfare (information, expert advice), disaster management, financial inclusion, fast and effective justice delivery, planning (GIS based decision making), and cyber security measures to ensure a safe cyberspace.
  • E-governance is implemented through various umbrella plans such as Digital India which aims to transform India into a digital empowered society with high-speed internet connectivity and to provide digital government services.
  • Digital India is based on nine pillars, including Broadband Highways, Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity, Public Internet Access Programme, e-Governance, and Emerging Technologies.
  • New technologies related to e-governance include Artificial intelligence, used to detect fraudulent acts, predict bad loans, provide smart traffic management systems.
  • The National Programme on Artificial Intelligence encompasses Indian languages, agriculture, finance, transportation, health, urban development, and education, as well as cyber security.
  • The National Policy on Software Products aims to make India a Software Product Nation, increase share in the global software market, nurture software startups, and create a strong talent pool for the software industry.
  • Mobile governance (M-governance) is a sub-domain of e-governance, which provides services through mobile devices, providing benefits such as accessibility in rural areas, convenience, flexibility, and better service delivery to citizens.
  • Important e-governance projects include UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New Age Governance), GeM (Government e-Marketplace), eBiz, Meghraj (GI Cloud initiative), National Knowledge Network (NKN), Twitter Samvad, Bhoomi, Karnataka (landmark scheme for land records), and DigiLocker.
  • Challenges include low internet penetration, especially in rural areas, digital divide, concerns over reliability and security of networks relating to cyber-attacks, and lack of comprehensive digital literacy initiatives to ensure that all sections of society receive benefits.
  • E-governance framework in India has resulted in recent positives in digital infrastructure and improved usage, as well as a rise in data consumption per SIM, broadband subscribers, and decreased costs per GB data rates, making India a notable outlier among developing countries in this field.
  • The growing usage of the Internet, as reflected in increased data consumption per SIM, is a positive step for digital empowerment in India.

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