Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one example of a management strategy that reflects the worldview of Indigenous Australians?
What is one example of a management strategy that reflects the worldview of Indigenous Australians?
Which human activity has been shown to have a significant impact on coral reefs in Australia?
Which human activity has been shown to have a significant impact on coral reefs in Australia?
What is the primary focus of the Sustainable Development Goals compared to the Millennium Development Goals?
What is the primary focus of the Sustainable Development Goals compared to the Millennium Development Goals?
How does coral bleaching primarily impact human communities?
How does coral bleaching primarily impact human communities?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the Sustainable Development Goals?
Which of the following is NOT one of the Sustainable Development Goals?
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What was one of the consequences of wolves preying on crops and animals in Yellowstone National Park?
What was one of the consequences of wolves preying on crops and animals in Yellowstone National Park?
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What is one way in which average income differences between countries can affect human wellbeing?
What is one way in which average income differences between countries can affect human wellbeing?
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In what year were the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations?
In what year were the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations?
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Which Sustainable Development Goal focuses specifically on gender issues?
Which Sustainable Development Goal focuses specifically on gender issues?
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The concept of sustainable development emphasizes the balance between which of the following?
The concept of sustainable development emphasizes the balance between which of the following?
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Which country is the most populated in Africa?
Which country is the most populated in Africa?
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What do contour lines on a topographic map indicate?
What do contour lines on a topographic map indicate?
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What is the primary function of Area Reference (AR) in mapping?
What is the primary function of Area Reference (AR) in mapping?
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What is required when creating a column graph to meet the non-negotiables?
What is required when creating a column graph to meet the non-negotiables?
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Which of these elements is NOT a dimension of human wellbeing?
Which of these elements is NOT a dimension of human wellbeing?
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What does a close distance between contour lines on a topographic map indicate?
What does a close distance between contour lines on a topographic map indicate?
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How many numbers are involved in a Grid Reference (GR)?
How many numbers are involved in a Grid Reference (GR)?
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Which country is the most populated in South America?
Which country is the most populated in South America?
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What color does coral typically turn when it becomes bleached?
What color does coral typically turn when it becomes bleached?
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What is the primary cause of coral bleaching?
What is the primary cause of coral bleaching?
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Which natural predator has been known to cause significant harm to coral reefs?
Which natural predator has been known to cause significant harm to coral reefs?
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What factors can lead to coral bleaching aside from rising temperatures?
What factors can lead to coral bleaching aside from rising temperatures?
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How do Crown of Thorns Starfish affect coral reefs?
How do Crown of Thorns Starfish affect coral reefs?
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What is one consequence of coral dying due to bleaching?
What is one consequence of coral dying due to bleaching?
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Which type of pollution includes chemicals harmful to human, animal, and plant health?
Which type of pollution includes chemicals harmful to human, animal, and plant health?
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What primarily causes the unnatural growth of Crown of Thorns Starfish?
What primarily causes the unnatural growth of Crown of Thorns Starfish?
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What is the primary purpose of firestick farming or back-burning?
What is the primary purpose of firestick farming or back-burning?
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What method did Aboriginals use to gauge the suitability of grass for burning?
What method did Aboriginals use to gauge the suitability of grass for burning?
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How did Aboriginals minimize the impact of fire on animal populations?
How did Aboriginals minimize the impact of fire on animal populations?
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What is a consequence of overfishing in marine ecosystems?
What is a consequence of overfishing in marine ecosystems?
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Which of the following human activities contributes to pollution in marine environments?
Which of the following human activities contributes to pollution in marine environments?
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What is a significant effect of climate change on corals?
What is a significant effect of climate change on corals?
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Which feature is NOT associated with Yellowstone National Park?
Which feature is NOT associated with Yellowstone National Park?
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What led humans to remove wolves from Yellowstone National Park?
What led humans to remove wolves from Yellowstone National Park?
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What is the definition of biodiversity?
What is the definition of biodiversity?
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Which of the following best describes climate change?
Which of the following best describes climate change?
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What does the ecological footprint measure?
What does the ecological footprint measure?
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What is a consequence of ocean acidification?
What is a consequence of ocean acidification?
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What is the process called when plants convert sunlight into food?
What is the process called when plants convert sunlight into food?
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Which phenomenon results from coral losing its color?
Which phenomenon results from coral losing its color?
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What defines a sustainable resource?
What defines a sustainable resource?
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What does the term 'trophic cascade' refer to?
What does the term 'trophic cascade' refer to?
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Study Notes
Geo Content: Key Terms
- Worldview: A collection of beliefs and values about how people view the world.
- Biodiversity: The variety of different plant and animal life forms.
- Climate change: Long-term shifts in temperatures, mostly due to pollution.
- Ecological Footprint: The impact of individuals, communities, or groups on the environment.
- Photosynthesis: The process by which plants create food and store it as sugars.
- Greenhouse Gas: Gases trapping heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
- Respiration: Living things taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
- Land Degradation: A decrease in quality of land.
- Sustainability: Something that can be replenished within a human lifetime.
- Biosphere: All living things on Earth.
- Atmosphere: The layer of gas surrounding Earth.
- Hydrosphere: All the water on Earth.
- Lithosphere: All non-living things on Earth, like soil and rocks.
- Marine Environment: An ecosystem in water with a mixture of flora and fauna, like coral reefs.
- Coral Bleaching: Coral losing its colour due to rising water temperatures, causing zooxanthellae to leave.
- Ocean Acidification: Decreasing pH in the ocean due to increasing carbon dioxide.
- Ecosystem: A combination of flora and fauna working together to sustain the environment.
Trophic Cascade, Interconnections, Food Chain, Fragile, Alpine
- Trophic Cascade: When a level in the food chain is removed, it impacts other species.
- Interconnections: How people or phenomena are connected.
- Food Chain: The sequence of living organisms that consume each other.
- Fragile: Something that is easily changed or broken.
- Alpine: Relating to high-altitude mountains.
Introduction to the Topic
- Environmental Change: A change in the environment caused by natural or human processes (degradation).
- Environmental Management: Using strategies to lessen the environmental impact of degradation.
- Human-centred worldview: Humans are most important, value of other species depends on usefulness to humans.
- Earth-centred worldview: Nature exists for all species, humans are equal, all life has value.
- Carbon Cycle: The movement of carbon through the Earth's spheres.
The Carbon Cycle and its Effects, Aboriginal Sustainable Practices, Firestick Farming
- The natural carbon cycle has been altered by human activities, such as deforestation and factory emissions.
- Aboriginal Sustainable Practices: Include Firestick Farming, Bush Tucker Harvesting, and Water Resource Management.
- Firestick Farming (Backburning): Indigenous Australians used controlled burns to manage land and increase biodiversity. This reduces fire hazards and changes forest areas.
- Bush Tucker Harvesting: The practice of collecting edible plants and shrubs.
- Water Resource Management: Manipulating water sources (e.g., creating rock pools) for efficient use.
Bush Tucker Harvesting, Water Resource Management, Deeper Look Into Backburning
- Bush Tucker harvesting: Aboriginal people collected edible plants, using them as food and medicine.
- Water resource management: Understanding water sources, using them responsibly, and maximizing use. This included creating pools and using knowledge of water-holding frogs.
- Deeper Look into Backburning: Undesirable plants are eradicated, encouraging the growth of useful plants and medicines. Backburning was used for hunting grounds creating open spaces. It was also used as a way to warn animals of the presence of a fire, allowing them to evacuate.
Human Impacts, Overfishing, Pollution, Climate Change, Yellowstone National Park
- Overfishing: Depleting fish populations faster than they can reproduce.
- Pollution: Harmful substances in the ocean (e.g., oil spills) damaging marine environments and potentially affecting marine life through chemical exposure.
- Climate Change: Rising ocean temperatures affecting corals with bleaching occurring.
- Yellowstone National Park: Features canyons, alpine rivers, forests, and hot springs. It has many animals including bears, wolves, and others. Human settlements led to problems with animal populations.
Why Coral Bleaching Occurs, Climate Change Impacts on Coral
- Coral Bleaching: Coral loses its color due to rising ocean temperatures, which causes zooxanthellae to leave the coral.
- Rising ocean temperatures from climate change are the main cause of coral bleaching.
The Crown of Thorns Starfish, Types of Pollution
- Crown of Thorns Starfish: A natural predator of coral, has undergone rapid reproduction and size increase likely due to agricultural runoff. -Air Pollution: Chemicals; or particles in the air harming humans, animals and plants. Damaging buildings.
- Water Pollution: Contamination of water sources. Includes oil spills and leaks, and pollution from hydraulic fracking.
- Soil Pollution: Soil contamination with unknown toxic substances.
- Visual Pollution: Obstructions that detract from natural and man-made landscapes.
- Noise Pollution: Unwanted or disturbing sounds affecting human and animal health.
- Light Pollution: Over-illumination of cities and skies with artificial lighting.
What Causes Air Pollution, Man-made Air Pollution Types, Air Pollution Solutions, Air Pollution Impact on Humans, Light Pollution
- What causes air pollution? Natural (volcanoes, wildfires) and human activities (agriculture).
- Man-made air pollution types: Greenhouse gases (burning fossil fuels), smog, toxic pollutants (e.g., mercury, lead).
- Air pollution solutions: Reduced use of fossil fuels.
- Air pollution impact on humans: Cancer, reproductive problems, birth defects.
- What is light pollution? Over-illumination of cities and skies from artificial lights.
- Light pollution types: Glare, light trespass, sky glow.
- Light pollution impacts: Disrupting nocturnal animal activities, impacting sleep cycles, adding to carbon emissions.
Most Populated Countries in Each Continent, Skills, Topographic Mapping, Graphing, Area Reference (AR), Grid Reference (GR)
- Most Populated Countries in Each Continent: Information about the most populated countries in different continents.
- Skills: Topographic maps represent geographical features, altitudes, 3D features on a 2D map, contour lines etc.
- Graphing: Column graphs have non-negotiables (title, axis labelling, consistent increments), rulers for accurate drawing etc.
- Area Reference (AR)/Grid Reference (GR): Used on maps to find approximate or precise locations.
Human Wellbeing, Factors of Human Wellbeing, Regional Disparities, Measuring Human Wellbeing
- Human Well-being: The overall quality of an individual's life, encompassing physical, economic, social, environmental, mental, emotional, cultural and spiritual, and political well-being.
- Factors of Human Wellbeing: Physical (clean water, nutrition), economic (income), social, environmental, mental/emotional, cultural/spiritual, and political.
- Regional Disparities: Differences in well-being across different regions (income, education, pollution, happiness levels).
- Measuring Human Wellbeing: Surveys, living conditions, economic stability, food security.
Human Development Index, Sustainable Development, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- Human Development Index (HDI): A statistical tool measuring the level of development in a country. Ranges from 0 to 1, 1 being most developed.
- Sustainable Development: Development that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
- Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): Goals focused on poverty and basic needs.
- Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A broader set of goals beyond basic needs that include other factors in the development.
Practice Questions/Research Activities
- Practice Questions: Various questions related to the concepts studied (worldviews, environmental management, human impacts, coral reefs, and human well-being). Includes research tasks for countries.
- Activities: Tasks related to research on specific countries including their health, wealth and educational statuses.
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