28 Questions
Which type of peripheral nerve disorder is characterized by affected nerves in a symmetric, length-dependent fashion?
Polyneuropathies
What is a common initial presentation in patients with polyneuropathies?
Loss of sensation and paresthesias
Which type of peripheral nerve disorder randomly affects individual nerves?
Mononeuritis multiplex
In which type of nerve disorder do patients commonly experience a 'stocking-and-glove' pattern of sensory loss?
Polyneuropathies
Which part of the longest nerves typically shows more pronounced axonal loss in polyneuropathies?
Distal segments
Which disorder is characterized by damage to multiple individual nerves, affecting them randomly?
Mononeuritis multiplex
Which type of mutation is more common in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?
Deletions
What is the main structural protein affected in Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy?
Dystrophin
What is the typical outcome for most patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy by the time they reach teenage years?
They are wheelchair-bound
Where is the dystrophin gene located in individuals with Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy?
Short arm of the X chromosome
Which type of mutation is characteristic of Becker Muscular Dystrophy?
Point mutations
What autoimmune disorder is associated with increased expression of MHC class I molecules on myofibers and predominantly endomysial inflammatory infiltrates containing CD8+ cytotoxic T cells?
Polymyositis
In a muscle biopsy of a patient with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, what is seen immunohistochemically?
Complete absence of dystrophin
Which type of inflammatory myopathy is typically associated with skin manifestations?
Dermatomyositis
What disorder is characterized by an autoimmune attack leading to myofiber necrosis and subsequent regeneration?
Polymyositis
What is the most common autoimmune disorder characterized by increased expression of MHC class I molecules on myofibers?
Polymyositis
Which inflammatory myopathy is mainly associated with bilateral weakness and diminished reflexes?
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Which inflammatory myopathy is associated with increased risk of ovarian, gastric, and lymphoma malignancies?
Dermatomyositis
What autoimmune disease is characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness and targeting of the neuromuscular junction?
Myasthenia gravis
Which type of peripheral nerve damage is characterized by damage to Schwann cells or myelin with relative axonal sparing?
Demyelinating neuropathy
Which type of peripheral neuropathy is the most common form in diabetic patients?
Distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy
What is the main antigenic target in Myasthenia gravis?
AChR
What type of peripheral nerve damage involves insults that directly injure the axon?
Axonal degeneration
Which disorder is caused by autoantibodies inhibiting the function of presynaptic calcium channels?
Lambert-Eaton syndrome
What is the characteristic pattern of attack seen in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)?
Symmetrical mixed sensorimotor polyneuropathy
What is the main cause of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients?
Long-standing disease
Which disorder is associated with thymic hyperplasia or thymoma?
Myasthenia gravis
What is the characteristic feature of Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy from the given text?
Dystrophinopathies
Learn about Duchenne (DMD) and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD), the most common X-linked muscular dystrophies caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome. Understand how these disorders affect males and the role of dystrophin in muscle cell stabilization.
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