Podcast
Questions and Answers
What occurs if plaque builds up in major arteries supplying blood to the legs, arms, and pelvis?
What occurs if plaque builds up in major arteries supplying blood to the legs, arms, and pelvis?
Peripheral Artery Disease
What is caused by the buildup of plaque in renal arteries?
What is caused by the buildup of plaque in renal arteries?
Chronic Kidney Disease
What roles does cholesterol play in the body? (Select all that apply)
What roles does cholesterol play in the body? (Select all that apply)
- Precursor molecule for the formation of bile acids (correct)
- Source of stored energy in adipose tissue
- Synthesis of steroid hormones (correct)
- Formation of cell membranes (correct)
What are triglycerides an important source of?
What are triglycerides an important source of?
Atherosclerosis can lead to serious problems including heart attack and stroke.
Atherosclerosis can lead to serious problems including heart attack and stroke.
What happens when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries?
What happens when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries?
What are phospholipids essential for in the body?
What are phospholipids essential for in the body?
What condition is associated with plaque buildup in the carotid arteries?
What condition is associated with plaque buildup in the carotid arteries?
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Study Notes
Dyslipidemias and Their Effects
- Dyslipidemia involves one or more abnormalities of blood lipids, contributing to conditions like coronary heart disease (CHD) and coronary artery disease (CAD).
- Atherosclerosis is a critical factor in dyslipidemias, characterized by plaque buildup inside arteries, hindering blood flow.
Peripheral Artery Disease
- Develops when plaque accumulates in major arteries supplying blood to legs, arms, and pelvis.
- Reduced or blocked blood flow may cause symptoms like numbness, pain, and potential infections.
Chronic Kidney Disease
- Occurs when plaque builds up in renal arteries, leading to oxygen-rich blood supply reduction to the kidneys.
- Results in gradual loss of kidney function, affecting waste removal and excess water regulation.
Cholesterol
- Essential sterol involved in atherosclerosis pathogenesis, serving multiple roles in the body.
- Acts as a precursor for bile acids, aiding nutrient absorption.
- Vital for steroid hormone synthesis, impacting various bodily functions.
- Involved in forming cell membranes, maintaining cellular integrity.
Triglycerides
- Major form of stored energy found in adipose tissue, synthesized from fatty acids and glycerol.
- Play an important role in energy metabolism and can contribute to plaque formation.
Phospholipids
- Comprise a structure with two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol.
- Crucial for cellular function, forming the membrane bilayer of lipoproteins, which transport lipids in circulation.
Coronary Heart/Artery Disease
- Arises from plaque buildup in coronary arteries supplying oxygen-rich blood to the heart.
- Reduced blood flow can lead to angina (chest pain) or heart attacks.
- Coronary microvascular disease (MVD) affects the heart's smallest arteries, compounding risk.
Carotid Artery Disease
- Results from plaque buildup in carotid arteries located on both sides of the neck.
- These arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the brain and head, and blockage can have serious implications for brain health.
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