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Questions and Answers
What are the causes of developmental dysconjugate disorders of the eye?
What are the causes of developmental dysconjugate disorders of the eye?
What is esotropia?
What is esotropia?
A developmental dysconjugate disorder where one eye looks straight ahead while the other eye deviates inward.
What is exotropia?
What is exotropia?
A developmental dysconjugate disorder where one eye looks straight ahead while the other eye deviates outward.
The new onset of dysconjugate gaze in adults is rarely caused by cranial nerve injuries.
The new onset of dysconjugate gaze in adults is rarely caused by cranial nerve injuries.
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What occurs when a patient with left CN6 paralysis looks to the right?
What occurs when a patient with left CN6 paralysis looks to the right?
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What are the signs of left CN3 paralysis?
What are the signs of left CN3 paralysis?
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What is the maximum deviation seen in left CN4 paralysis?
What is the maximum deviation seen in left CN4 paralysis?
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Study Notes
Developmental Dysconjugate Disorders of the Eye
- Caused by an imbalance in ocular muscle tone, often present in early childhood.
- May have hereditary origins with various causes.
- Classified as esotropia (inward deviation) or exotropia (outward deviation).
- Clinical assessment includes the cover-uncover test for diagnosis.
Esotropia
- Characterized by one eye looking straight while the other deviates inward.
- Asymmetric corneal reflections indicate the condition.
- Cover-uncover test reveals the bad eye's tendency to move to a normal position when the good eye is covered, reverting back upon uncovering.
Exotropia
- Defined by one eye looking straight ahead and the other deviating outward.
- Cover-uncover test shows the bad eye moving to a normal position when the good eye is covered, with the bad eye returning to an outward deviation upon uncovering.
Cranial Nerve Disorders and Dysconjugate Gaze in Adults
- New onset of dysconjugate gaze in adults typically results from cranial nerve injuries, lesions, or abnormalities due to conditions like trauma, multiple sclerosis, or syphilis.
- Key cranial nerves involved include CN3 (oculomotor), CN4 (trochlear), and CN6 (abducens).
Left CN6 Paralysis
- When looking to the right, the eyes move conjugately (right eye abducts, left eye adducts).
- Esotropia manifests when looking straight ahead, with the left eye adducted.
- Maximum esotropia occurs when the patient looks to the left; the left eye remains adducted.
- CN6 is responsible for the function of the lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye.
Left CN3 Paralysis
- Exhibits exotropia of the left eye when looking straight ahead.
- Impairs upward, downward, and inward eye movements.
- Associated symptoms include ptosis (drooping eyelid) and pupillary dilation.
- CN3 controls several eye muscles: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, constrictor pupillae, and levator palpebrae.
Left CN4 Paralysis
- The left eye cannot turn downward when turned inward, with maximal deviation in this direction.
- CN4, or trochlear nerve, innervates the superior oblique muscle responsible for intorsion (down and out movement) of the eye.
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Description
Test your knowledge on developmental dysconjugate disorders of the eye with these flashcards. Understand conditions like esotropia and exotropia, their causes, and diagnostic methods such as the cover-uncover test. Perfect for students in eye health or neurology fields.
