Dynastic Cycle in China Quiz

Dynastic Cycle in China

• The Chinese believed in a dynastic cycle, where a new dynasty would rise to power, become corrupt and weak, lose the people's support, and eventually be replaced by another dynasty.
• The cycle repeated throughout Chinese history, with each new dynasty claiming the 'Mandate of Heaven' (authority and legitimacy to rule).
• The Qin to Qing dynasties ruled China, until the Qing dynasty was overthrown by a revolution in 1911-1912.

Development of Early Capitalism

• Early capitalism developed in Europe, distinguished by the use of accumulated capital to enlarge productive capacity.
• Merchants learned to buy raw materials, manufacture products, and sell finished goods.
• Long-distance trade became important, but faced problems like transportation difficulties, war, robbery, and heavy taxes.
• The development of early capitalism was encouraged by historical events, such as the revival of trade in ancient cities and towns in Europe.

The Age of Exploration and Discoveries

• The Age of Exploration and Discoveries occurred in the 15th and 16th centuries, driven by European interest in long-distance trade and luxury goods from the Far East.
• New inventions like the compass, quadrant, and astrolabe, as well as better maps and sailing ships, facilitated exploration.
• Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal and Queen Isabella of Spain sponsored voyages, inspired by economical, religious, and glorious motivations.
• Spain and Portugal led the exploration and discoveries in the 15th and 16th centuries, followed by Holland, Britain, France, and Russia.

Notable Explorers

• Bartholomew Diaz sailed around the southern tip of Africa, naming it the 'Cape of Storms' and later the 'Cape of Good Hope'.
• Christopher Columbus believed he could reach the Far East quickly by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean, sponsored by Queen Isabella.
• Vasco da Gama discovered a new sea route to India and the Far East in 1498.
• Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigated the world between 1519-1522, sailing along the coast of South America, naming the 'Strait of Magellan' and the 'Pacific Ocean'.