Dynamics I: Mass and Weight

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Questions and Answers

What does Newton's First Law of Motion state?

  • An object will stay at rest or move in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. (correct)
  • An object will accelerate when acted upon by a net force.
  • Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
  • An object's speed will always increase.

An unbalanced force acting on an object will cause it to decelerate.

False (B)

What formula represents Newton's Second Law of Motion?

F = ma

The resultant force on an object produces an acceleration that is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to its _____ .

<p>mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Mass = A measure of the amount of matter in an object. Acceleration = The rate of change of velocity of an object. Resultant Force = The overall force acting on an object. Friction = A force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the resultant force on an object is doubled, what happens to its acceleration?

<p>It doubles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statement correctly describes Newton's Third Law of Motion?

<p>Forces occur in pairs and act on different bodies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal force exerted by the table on the book is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the weight of the book.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One newton is defined as the force that produces an acceleration of 2.0 m/s² on a mass of 1.0 kg.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inertia?

<p>Inertia is the reluctance of an object to change its state of rest or motion due to its mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the acceleration of an object with a mass of 10 kg when a force of 30 N is applied.

<p>3 m/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Newton's Second Law, the formula that relates force, mass, and acceleration is ______.

<p>F = ma</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example provided, what is the total resistive force acting on the trailer?

<p>5 N (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mass and inertia are unrelated concepts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two forces are acting on the trailer in the example scenario?

<p>Tension and resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines weight in relation to mass?

<p>A gravitational force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Weight is independent of the gravitational field strength.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit of mass?

<p>kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

The formula to calculate weight is ___ = mg, where 'm' is mass and 'g' is gravitational field strength.

<p>W</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Newton's Laws to their descriptions:

<p>First Law = An object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by a force Second Law = The force acting on an object is equal to its mass times acceleration Third Law = For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a balanced force acts on an object?

<p>The object remains at rest or continues moving at a constant speed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does mass affect acceleration when a force is applied?

<p>Greater mass results in less acceleration for the same applied force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Newton's First Law states that an object will change its state of motion only if a net external force acts on it.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Newton's Second Law

When a resultant force acts on an object, it accelerates in the direction of the force, and the acceleration is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the object's mass.

Unbalanced Forces

Forces acting on an object that are not equal in size and opposite in direction, resulting in a net force.

Resultant Force

The single force that has the same effect as all the forces acting on an object.

Acceleration

The rate at which an object's velocity changes.

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Newton's Second Law Equation

Force (F) equals mass (m) multiplied by acceleration (a), or F = ma.

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Mass

The amount of matter in an object.

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1 Newton

The force needed to accelerate a 1 kg mass at 1 m/s²

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Calculate Acceleration

To find acceleration, divide the force by the mass (a = F/m).

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Action-Reaction Pairs

For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. These forces act on different objects.

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Action and Reaction Forces

Action and reaction forces are always equal in magnitude but act in opposite directions.

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Forces Act on Different Objects

Action and reaction forces act on different objects. They never act on the same object.

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Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion. It's directly related to an object's mass.

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Mass and Inertia

Mass is a measure of an object's inertia. The more mass an object has, the more it resists changes in motion.

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Resistance

A force that opposes motion.

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Tension

A force that acts along a rope or string when it is pulled tight.

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Mass vs. Weight

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms. Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object, measured in Newtons.

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Gravitational Field Strength (g)

The force of gravity acting on a 1 kg mass. It's measured in newtons per kilogram (N/kg).

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What is a Beam Balance?

A device used to measure mass by comparing the unknown mass with standard masses. It's based on the principle of balance.

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Weight Formula

Weight (W) = Mass (m) x Gravitational Field Strength (g)

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Newton's Laws of Motion

Three fundamental laws that describe the relationship between forces and motion. They explain how objects move under the influence of forces.

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Newton's First Law

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at a constant speed and direction, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

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Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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Study Notes

Dynamics I: Mass and Weight

  • A satellite is launched using fuel to propel the rocket to space.
  • The satellite is then separated from the rocket and orbits Earth.
  • On 18 January 2019, a satellite from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and Kyushu Institute of Technology (Kyutech) was successfully launched into space, this was the ninth satellite deployed by NTU.

What are the types of forces?

  • Forces can be either contact or non-contact.
  • Contact forces: forces that require objects to be in contact with each other (e.g., pushing, pulling luggage.)
  • Non-contact forces: forces that do not require objects to be in contact with each other (e.g., gravitational force, electrostatic force, magnetic force).

Gravitational force

  • Gravity: the force of attraction between any two objects with mass
  • Weight: the force of gravity acting on an object
  • Gravitational field strength (g): the gravitational force per unit mass at a point in a gravitational field (measured in N/kg)

Is mass the same as weight?

  • Mass: a measure of the amount of matter in a body

  • SI unit of mass: kilogram (kg)

  • Weight: a gravitational force acting on an object with mass

  • SI unit of weight: newton (N)

  • Mass doesn't change with location/shape; weight does.

  • Weight = mass x gravitational field strength (g)

  • Weight varies with the strength of the gravitational field.

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Physics Matters GCE O Level Textbook - Dynamics 1: Mass and Weight PDF

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