Podcast
Questions and Answers
What happens to the macroscopic properties of a closed system at equilibrium?
What happens to the macroscopic properties of a closed system at equilibrium?
- They change dramatically
- They fluctuate continuously
- They remain constant (correct)
- They disappear completely
In dynamic equilibrium in chemistry, what is happening?
In dynamic equilibrium in chemistry, what is happening?
- Only forward reactions are happening
- Only reverse reactions are occurring
- Both forward and reverse reactions are occurring (correct)
- No reactions are taking place
What does it mean when we say the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal in dynamic equilibrium?
What does it mean when we say the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal in dynamic equilibrium?
- The system is out of equilibrium
- The system is unstable
- The system is at equilibrium (correct)
- No reactions are happening
How do the concentrations of products and reactants change at equilibrium?
How do the concentrations of products and reactants change at equilibrium?
What happens to the rate of reaction as a reaction proceeds to equilibrium?
What happens to the rate of reaction as a reaction proceeds to equilibrium?
What is the rate of reaction at equilibrium?
What is the rate of reaction at equilibrium?
What does dynamic equilibrium refer to?
What does dynamic equilibrium refer to?
In a reversible reaction, what does the two-way arrow signify?
In a reversible reaction, what does the two-way arrow signify?
What happens in a closed flask when water is left in it?
What happens in a closed flask when water is left in it?
At dynamic equilibrium, what can be said about the rates of the forward and backward reactions?
At dynamic equilibrium, what can be said about the rates of the forward and backward reactions?
Why does an open flask prevent the reverse reaction (condensation) from occurring?
Why does an open flask prevent the reverse reaction (condensation) from occurring?
What is the key characteristic of dynamic equilibrium in a chemical reaction?
What is the key characteristic of dynamic equilibrium in a chemical reaction?
What is the characteristic of equilibrium that ensures no matter can escape to the surroundings?
What is the characteristic of equilibrium that ensures no matter can escape to the surroundings?
Which statement best describes the dynamic nature of equilibrium?
Which statement best describes the dynamic nature of equilibrium?
In terms of concentrations, what remains constant at equilibrium?
In terms of concentrations, what remains constant at equilibrium?
Which statement correctly describes the concept of equilibrium position?
Which statement correctly describes the concept of equilibrium position?
What does it mean when it is said that there is no macroscopic change in properties at equilibrium?
What does it mean when it is said that there is no macroscopic change in properties at equilibrium?
In a dynamic equilibrium, what does it mean when we say 'the reaction has not stopped'?
In a dynamic equilibrium, what does it mean when we say 'the reaction has not stopped'?
Study Notes
Closed System Properties at Equilibrium
- Macroscopic properties do not change:
- No net change in concentration of reactants and products
- No net change in color
- No net change in temperature
- No net change in pressure
- No net change in anything, but it doesn't mean nothing is happening
Dynamic Equilibrium
- All equilibria in chemistry are dynamic
- Forward and reverse reactions are still occurring
- Reactants are still reacting to create products
- Products are still reacting to create reactants
- Rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal
Graphing Equilibrium
- Concentrations of reactants and products change rapidly at the beginning
- Rate of reaction decreases until the reaction reaches equilibrium
- When reaction reaches equilibrium, there is no change to the amount of reactants and products
Characteristics of Equilibrium
- Equilibrium is achieved in a closed system
- Equilibrium is dynamic
- Concentrations of reactants and products remain constant
- No macroscopic change in properties
- Equilibrium can be reached from either direction
Reversible Reactions
- A reversible reaction can go both forwards and backwards
- Equations use two-way arrows to show the reaction can go in either direction
- Example: acid + alcohol ⇋ ester
Evaporation and Condensation of Water
- In an open flask, water evaporates, but the water vapor escapes
- In a closed flask, water evaporates, and the water vapor condenses back into liquid water
- After some time, the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal
- This is an example of dynamic equilibrium
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Description
Learn about dynamic equilibrium in chemistry where macroscopic properties remain constant while reactions are still occurring. This concept explains how reactants continue to form products and vice versa at equilibrium.
