Dynamic Equilibrium in Chemistry

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Questions and Answers

What happens to the macroscopic properties of a closed system at equilibrium?

  • They change dramatically
  • They fluctuate continuously
  • They remain constant (correct)
  • They disappear completely

In dynamic equilibrium in chemistry, what is happening?

  • Only forward reactions are happening
  • Only reverse reactions are occurring
  • Both forward and reverse reactions are occurring (correct)
  • No reactions are taking place

What does it mean when we say the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal in dynamic equilibrium?

  • The system is out of equilibrium
  • The system is unstable
  • The system is at equilibrium (correct)
  • No reactions are happening

How do the concentrations of products and reactants change at equilibrium?

<p>They remain constant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rate of reaction as a reaction proceeds to equilibrium?

<p>It decreases until it reaches equilibrium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of reaction at equilibrium?

<p>Constant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does dynamic equilibrium refer to?

<p>A state where the rate of forward and backward reactions are equal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a reversible reaction, what does the two-way arrow signify?

<p>The reaction can go both forward and backward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in a closed flask when water is left in it?

<p>Both evaporation and condensation of water happen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At dynamic equilibrium, what can be said about the rates of the forward and backward reactions?

<p>The rates of both reactions are equal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does an open flask prevent the reverse reaction (condensation) from occurring?

<p>It allows products to escape preventing the reverse reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of dynamic equilibrium in a chemical reaction?

<p>The rates of the forward and backward reactions equalize at equilibrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of equilibrium that ensures no matter can escape to the surroundings?

<p>Equilibrium is achieved in a closed system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the dynamic nature of equilibrium?

<p>Equilibrium involves reactions that are still occurring on a microscopic level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of concentrations, what remains constant at equilibrium?

<p>Concentration of reactants and products both (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the concept of equilibrium position?

<p>Equilibrium position can be achieved from different starting conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when it is said that there is no macroscopic change in properties at equilibrium?

<p>Observable properties depend on the concentration of mixture components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a dynamic equilibrium, what does it mean when we say 'the reaction has not stopped'?

<p>The reaction appears stopped but is actually ongoing on a microscopic level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Macroscopic Properties at Equilibrium

They remain constant.

Dynamic Equilibrium

Both forward and reverse reactions are occurring simultaneously.

Equal Reaction Rates

The system maintains a steady state.

Concentrations at Equilibrium

They remain constant, but not necessarily equal.

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Reaction Rate & Equilibrium

It decreases until it reaches a constant rate.

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Rate of reaction at equilibrium?

Constant (forward rate equals reverse rate).

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Dynamic equilibrium definition

A state where the rate of forward and backward reactions are equal.

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Two-way Arrow

The reaction can proceed in both the forward and backward directions.

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Water in Closed Flask

Both evaporation and condensation of water occur.

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Rates at Dynamic Equlibrium

The rates of the forward and backward reactions are equal.

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Open Flask

It doesn't allow the products to build up and reform back into reactants

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Dynamic Equilibrium Key

The rates of the forward and backward reactions equalize.

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Equilibrium system

Equilibrium is achieved in a closed system.

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Dynamic Nature

Equilibrium involves reactions that are still occurring on a microscopic level.

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Constant Concentrations at Equilibrium

Concentration of reactants and products both.

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Equilibrium Position

Equilibrium can be achieved from different starting conditions

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No Macroscopic Change

Observable properties depend on the concentration of mixture components

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Reaction Not Stopped

The reaction appears stopped but is actually ongoing on a microscopic level

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Study Notes

Closed System Properties at Equilibrium

  • Macroscopic properties do not change:
    • No net change in concentration of reactants and products
    • No net change in color
    • No net change in temperature
    • No net change in pressure
  • No net change in anything, but it doesn't mean nothing is happening

Dynamic Equilibrium

  • All equilibria in chemistry are dynamic
  • Forward and reverse reactions are still occurring
  • Reactants are still reacting to create products
  • Products are still reacting to create reactants
  • Rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal

Graphing Equilibrium

  • Concentrations of reactants and products change rapidly at the beginning
  • Rate of reaction decreases until the reaction reaches equilibrium
  • When reaction reaches equilibrium, there is no change to the amount of reactants and products

Characteristics of Equilibrium

  • Equilibrium is achieved in a closed system
  • Equilibrium is dynamic
  • Concentrations of reactants and products remain constant
  • No macroscopic change in properties
  • Equilibrium can be reached from either direction

Reversible Reactions

  • A reversible reaction can go both forwards and backwards
  • Equations use two-way arrows to show the reaction can go in either direction
  • Example: acid + alcohol ⇋ ester

Evaporation and Condensation of Water

  • In an open flask, water evaporates, but the water vapor escapes
  • In a closed flask, water evaporates, and the water vapor condenses back into liquid water
  • After some time, the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal
  • This is an example of dynamic equilibrium

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