18 Questions
What happens to the macroscopic properties of a closed system at equilibrium?
They remain constant
In dynamic equilibrium in chemistry, what is happening?
Both forward and reverse reactions are occurring
What does it mean when we say the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal in dynamic equilibrium?
The system is at equilibrium
How do the concentrations of products and reactants change at equilibrium?
They remain constant
What happens to the rate of reaction as a reaction proceeds to equilibrium?
It decreases until it reaches equilibrium
What is the rate of reaction at equilibrium?
Constant
What does dynamic equilibrium refer to?
A state where the rate of forward and backward reactions are equal
In a reversible reaction, what does the two-way arrow signify?
The reaction can go both forward and backward
What happens in a closed flask when water is left in it?
Both evaporation and condensation of water happen
At dynamic equilibrium, what can be said about the rates of the forward and backward reactions?
The rates of both reactions are equal
Why does an open flask prevent the reverse reaction (condensation) from occurring?
It allows products to escape preventing the reverse reaction
What is the key characteristic of dynamic equilibrium in a chemical reaction?
The rates of the forward and backward reactions equalize at equilibrium
What is the characteristic of equilibrium that ensures no matter can escape to the surroundings?
Equilibrium is achieved in a closed system
Which statement best describes the dynamic nature of equilibrium?
Equilibrium involves reactions that are still occurring on a microscopic level
In terms of concentrations, what remains constant at equilibrium?
Concentration of reactants and products both
Which statement correctly describes the concept of equilibrium position?
Equilibrium position can be achieved from different starting conditions
What does it mean when it is said that there is no macroscopic change in properties at equilibrium?
Observable properties depend on the concentration of mixture components
In a dynamic equilibrium, what does it mean when we say 'the reaction has not stopped'?
The reaction appears stopped but is actually ongoing on a microscopic level
Study Notes
Closed System Properties at Equilibrium
- Macroscopic properties do not change:
- No net change in concentration of reactants and products
- No net change in color
- No net change in temperature
- No net change in pressure
- No net change in anything, but it doesn't mean nothing is happening
Dynamic Equilibrium
- All equilibria in chemistry are dynamic
- Forward and reverse reactions are still occurring
- Reactants are still reacting to create products
- Products are still reacting to create reactants
- Rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal
Graphing Equilibrium
- Concentrations of reactants and products change rapidly at the beginning
- Rate of reaction decreases until the reaction reaches equilibrium
- When reaction reaches equilibrium, there is no change to the amount of reactants and products
Characteristics of Equilibrium
- Equilibrium is achieved in a closed system
- Equilibrium is dynamic
- Concentrations of reactants and products remain constant
- No macroscopic change in properties
- Equilibrium can be reached from either direction
Reversible Reactions
- A reversible reaction can go both forwards and backwards
- Equations use two-way arrows to show the reaction can go in either direction
- Example: acid + alcohol ⇋ ester
Evaporation and Condensation of Water
- In an open flask, water evaporates, but the water vapor escapes
- In a closed flask, water evaporates, and the water vapor condenses back into liquid water
- After some time, the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal
- This is an example of dynamic equilibrium
Learn about dynamic equilibrium in chemistry where macroscopic properties remain constant while reactions are still occurring. This concept explains how reactants continue to form products and vice versa at equilibrium.
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