Untitled Quiz

The breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition.

The wearing away of rocks by other rocks or sediments.

Water freezing in cracks of rocks, expanding and breaking them apart.

The contribution of living organisms, like roots growing in cracks, to rock weathering.

Changes in the chemical composition of rocks through reactions with substances in the environment.

The process where certain minerals dissolve in water.

The reaction of rock-forming minerals with water, producing new minerals.

The reaction of minerals with oxygen, causing them to decompose.

Rocks formed from the solidification of molten rock (magma or lava).

Internal heat generated from radioactive decay within the Earth.

The very hot, central part of the Earth.

Methods by which heat moves: conduction, convection, and radiation.

Geological events related to the Earth's internal heat and movement.

Molten rock below Earth's surface.

Molten rock that erupts from a volcano.

Igneous rocks with very low silica content (<45% SiO2), high density, dark color, and rich in olivine and pyroxene minerals. Examples: peridotite and dunite.

Igneous rocks with low silica content (45-52% SiO2), high density, dark color, and composed of pyroxene, calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar. Examples: gabbro and basalt.

Igneous rocks with intermediate silica content (53-65% SiO2), intermediate density, gray color, and composed of biotite, alkali feldspar, and quartz. Examples: diorite and andesite.

Igneous rocks with very high silica content (>65% SiO2), low density, light color, and composed of quartz and alkali feldspar. Examples: granite and rhyolite.

The silica content of magma directly influences its viscosity. Higher silica content leads to higher viscosity, making the magma thicker and less fluid. Lower silica content results in lower viscosity, creating thinner, more fluid magma.

The texture of an igneous rock describes the size, shape, and arrangement of its mineral crystals, which is influenced by how the magma or lava cooled.

Magma with higher viscosity (higher silica content) cools slower than magma with lower viscosity (lower silica content). This is because the thick, sticky magma traps heat more effectively.

Rapid cooling results in smaller crystals because minerals have less time to grow. Slow cooling allows for larger crystals to form as minerals have ample time to grow.

A rock texture where mineral grains are large enough to be seen with the naked eye. Granite is a typical example.

A rock texture where mineral grains are too small to be seen without a magnifying glass. Basalt is an example.

A rock texture with many small holes or cavities formed by trapped gas bubbles as the rock cooled. Often seen in basalts.

A rock texture with two distinct grain sizes – large crystals (phenocrysts) embedded in a fine-grained matrix. Andesite porphyry is an example.

A rock texture with no visible mineral crystals, formed by rapid cooling. Obsidian is an example.

The age of a rock or geological feature compared to others in the surrounding layers. It doesn't tell the exact age, but its relationship to other rocks.

The exact age of a rock or fossil, measured by radioactive decay. Scientists use isotopes with predictable decay rates to determine the age.

Geologists use several principles to determine relative ages: original horizontality, superposition, cross-cutting relationships, and faunal succession. These principles help to establish the order of events in geological history.

A region around the Pacific Ocean where many volcanoes and earthquakes occur due to shifting tectonic plates.

A region in the Pacific Ocean where typhoons, powerful storms, are most common.

Something that can cause harm or damage to people, property, or the environment.

A hazard that is caused by natural processes, like earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.

A hazard that is caused by human activities, like deforestation or pollution.

A map that shows areas that are at risk from certain hazards, helping us be prepared.

Natural forces that shape the Earth's surface, like the movement of tectonic plates.

The Philippines is located in the Pacific Typhoon Belt and Ring of Fire, making it prone to earthquakes, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions.

A fast-moving, extremely hot mixture of gas, ash, and rock fragments that flows down a volcano's slopes.

A dome-shaped structure formed by viscous magma erupting onto the surface and piling up around the vent.

Gases released during volcanic eruptions, primarily water vapor, but also including sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and others.

The second most active volcano in the Philippines, known for its explosive eruptions and ash plumes.

The Philippines is located along the Ring of Fire and typhoon belt, making it vulnerable to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and typhoons.

An archipelago of 7641 islands, known for its natural beauty and pristine waters.