SUBSTANCE ABUSE QUIZ
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Questions and Answers

What are some common symptoms of withdrawal from substances?

  • Heightened energy levels and improved cognitive function
  • Flu-like symptoms, tremors, chills, and rapid pulse (correct)
  • Increased appetite and euphoria
  • Deep relaxation and heightened self-confidence
  • Which of the following describes the physiological effects of barbiturates?

  • Motor impairment, drowsiness, and poor judgment (correct)
  • Intensified feelings of euphoria and heightened stamina
  • Increased anxiety, agitation, and heightened alertness
  • Reduced heart rate and improved memory
  • What long-term impact can the abuse of stimulants, such as amphetamines, have on users?

  • Development of tolerance leading to increased risk of depression and potential suicide (correct)
  • Permanent improvement in attention span and focus
  • Consistent enhancement of cognitive abilities without negative side effects
  • Total elimination of anxiety and stress
  • Which of the following barbiturates is known to be used for treating epilepsy?

    <p>Phenobarbital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using Ritalin, what is a potential consequence of quickly developing tolerance?

    <p>Increased dependency and severe psychological side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is associated with dangerous withdrawal symptoms, including seizures and death?

    <p>Barbiturates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use for amphetamines as mentioned in discussions about their effects?

    <p>To assist soldiers in remaining alert during combat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a severe effect that can occur from high doses of stimulants like cocaine?

    <p>Severe anxiety, hallucinations, and paranoid delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological effect is associated with the most severe form of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, known as Delirium Tremens?

    <p>Profuse perspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Korsakoff’s psychosis?

    <p>Confabulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT typical of Delirium Tremens?

    <p>Euphoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common long-term impact of regular opiate use?

    <p>Dependence on external pain relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is indicated for someone dependent on heroin?

    <p>Methadone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following variables is a physiological effect of alcohol on the liver?

    <p>Cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Opiates like morphine are primarily used for which medical application?

    <p>Relief from pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to testosterone levels in males with chronic alcohol consumption?

    <p>Decreased testosterone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of substance dependence?

    <p>A compulsive need to use substances that disrupts daily life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common withdrawal symptom experienced by individuals with substance dependence?

    <p>Hallucinations or sensory distortions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do CNS depressants primarily affect the body?

    <p>Decrease vital signs and activate the parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Long-term use of stimulants can lead to which of the following impacts?

    <p>Increased risk of developing anxiety disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are barbiturates primarily used for, and what risk do they carry?

    <p>Act as a sedative; potential for respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of substance abuse?

    <p>Relief of chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gateway drugs are typically characterized by their potential to lead to the use of other illicit substances. Which of the following is NOT considered a gateway drug?

    <p>Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines 'tolerance' in the context of substance use?

    <p>Increased requirement for higher doses to achieve the same effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Substance Abuse (SA) - APA Definition

    • Repeated, compulsive substance use despite problems or negative consequences (physical, social, financial, legal, occupational, psychological).
    • Examples include missing school/work due to intoxication, or "sleeping it off."
    • The amount used isn't as critical as the pattern of use disrupting daily life.
    • Substance abuse occurs when a substance is used for an effect other than its intended purpose.

    Addiction - Substance Dependence (SD)

    • Addiction is defined as a dependence or a loss of control over substance use, dominating one's daily life.
    • Addicts or substance dependents may experience anxiety, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms, or any combination.
    • Dependents often have low frustration tolerance and need immediate gratification to cope with anxiety.

    Tolerance and Tolerance Break

    • Tolerance: With regular use, the body adapts, requiring higher doses for similar effects.
    • Tolerance Break: The body becomes sensitive to even small amounts of the substance. Symptoms occur when usage drops suddenly.

    Causes of Substance Abuse

    1. Experimental Use

    • Curiosity
    • Peer pressure
    • Parental use
    • Rebelliousness
    • Boredom; seeking pleasure or excitement
    • Reducing anxiety, fear, stress, depression or low self-esteem.

    2. Gateway Drugs

    • The "gateway drug theory" suggests an introduction to drug use with use of these 3 leading on to use of other illicit drugs.
    • Tobacco (cigarettes), alcohol, and marijuana are considered gateway drugs

    3. Genetic Predisposition (Hereditary)

    • An inherited tendency towards substances like alcohol may include greater sensitivity and tolerance, making individuals more susceptible.
    • Children of parents who use substances are more prone to using substances.

    Categories of Substances

    1. CNS Depressants (Downers)

    • Decrease the activity of the central nervous system.
    • Alcohol, opiates, and barbiturates are examples of depressants.

    2. CNS Stimulants (Uppers)

    • Increase the activity of the central nervous system.
    • Examples include amphetamines, Ritalin (stimulates the cerebral cortex), cocaine, and nicotine.

    3. Hallucinogens

    • Produce hallucinations (sensations and perceptions without external stimulation).
    • Examples are marijuana, LSD, PCP, and mescaline.

    Depressants - Alcohol

    Alcoholism Cycle

    • Intoxication (15-17)

    • Tolerance development and heavy drinking

    • Blackouts (loss of awareness while functioning)

    • Tolerance break and intoxication with small amounts

    • Severe drinking with various difficulties

    • Abstinence, temporarily controlling drinking based on a crises, leading up to escalation of alcohol use and another crisis

    • Cycle repeats

    Effects of Alcohol

    • Low doses can be stimulating (euphoria, alleviating doubts)
    • High doses have a depressant, sedative, or relaxing effect, deadening minor aches and pains.
    • Alcohol impairs coordination, cognitive function, and speech.
    • Alcohol lowers inhibitions, reducing moral assertion (e.g., unprotected sex) and the capacity to foresee consequences. Drinkers often blame the substance.
    • Regular drinking leads to physiological dependence as a coping mechanism or excuse for failure.

    Alcohol Effects on Various Systems

    • Brain: Loss of coordination, poor judgment, slowed reflexes, memory loss and blackouts are possible.
    • Heart: Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, beating abnormally, and enlarged heart size.
    • Stomach: Weight gain, vomiting from toxicity, risk of stomach issues and cancer
    • Liver: Liver diseases like cirrhosis, hepatitis, impaired liver function- inability to clot, and keep blood from toxins.
    • Reproductive System: Heavy alcohol use can cause painful periods, heavy flows, PMS, irregular periods, and an increased risk for sexual assault and unsafe sex.

    Alcohol Effects - CNS (Central Nervous System)

    • Rebound: Blackouts, poor nutrition, neurotoxic effects, sedation and toxicity, coma, anesthesia, and potential death.
    • Deficiencies: B-vitamin deficiencies (Thiamine and Niacin) leading to encephalopathy (confusion, lack of coordination), and Korsakoff's psychosis (inability to form new memories).
    • Delirium Tremens (DT): Severe, life-threatening alcohol withdrawal (precipitated from acute injuries or illnesses)

    Depressants - Opiates

    • Opiates are narcotics derived from the opium poppy (a plant used for pain relief).
    • Examples include morphine (pain relief), heroin (euphoria-high levels), codeine, and Demerol.
    • High doses cause drowsiness, altered perception of time, impaired judgment.
    • Regular use leads to a decrease in the brain producing endorphins, so withdrawal symptoms happen
    • Withdrawal symptoms include flu-like symptoms (tremors, cramps, etc.)

    Depressants - Barbiturates

    • Barbiturates are calming and offer a mild euphoria.
    • Regular use leads to physiological and psychological dependence.
    • High doses cause drowsiness, motor impairment, slurred speech, and irritability; potentially leading to seizures and death

    Stimulants - Amphetamines

    • Amphetamines/Shabu increase alertness and cognition. They are used to stay alert, drive through the night to study, or curb hunger in dieters.
    • High doses cause euphoria and hyperactivity for long periods but lead to depression ("crash") and suicidal ideation when the high ends
    • High doses of Methamphetamine cause hyperactivity and wakefulness for weeks at a time, with a crashing depression when high ends

    Stimulants - Ritalin

    • Ritalin increases attention span and decreases disruptive behavior leading to academic gains.
    • It calms hyperactive children, but it creates tolerance quickly and high doses cause side effects like nervousness, insomnia, appetite loss, hallucinations, paranoid delusions, and irritability when self-medicating

    Stimulants - Cocaine

    • Cocaine is a stimulant derived from the coca plant (a "tea") that can be snorted or injected
    • It causes euphoria, reduces hunger, and deadens pain. It can be snorted as powder or injected as a liquid
    • It can cause a "crash" and can constrict blood vessels in the nose (a negative physical effect).
    • Physical dangers: risk of stroke, increased blood pressure, reduced oxygen supply to the heart, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular collapse and sudden death.
    • Overdoses result in nervousness, insomnia, tremors, headaches, nausea, convulsions, hallucinations, and delusions.

    Stimulants - Nicotine

    • Nicotine is a stimulant found in tobacco and cigarettes, accelerating heart rate and blood sugar.
    • It appears to help with memory, attention, and performance of repetitive tasks.
    • It eases anxiety, although nicotine is linked to dependence.
    • Withdrawal symptoms include nervousness, drowsiness, loss of energy. headache,irregular bowel movements, lightheadedness, insomnia cramps, palpitations, tremors, sweating.
    • Health dangers: lung cancer and heart disease. Secondhand smoke is dangerous.

    Hallucinogens

    • Hallucinogens produce hallucinations that are not based on stimulation by the environment; they originate from within.
    • Marijuana, LSD, PCP, and Mescaline are examples.
    • Marijuana is a plant product that is generally a relaxant and mood booster. Health effects include impaired coordination, short and long term memory problems, exaggerated senses , and hallucinations.
    • LSD causes changes in thoughts, colors, and feelings; flashbacks are possible.
    • PCP is an animal tranquilizer that produces delusions, hallucinations, increased heart rate , and coordination problems.

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