Untitled Quiz
56 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of stress testing during an injury evaluation?

  • To confirm a specific injury diagnosis.
  • To promote a quicker recovery.
  • To determine the nature of the injury. (correct)
  • To avoid aggravating other injuries.
  • In active range of motion (AROM) testing, what should be prioritized?

  • Assisting the athlete with external support.
  • Comparing with uninjured ranges.
  • The most painful ranges should be tested first.
  • Both quality and quantity of movement. (correct)
  • Which muscle is most commonly associated with hip flexor strains?

  • Gluteus Maximus.
  • Adductor Magnus.
  • Sartorius.
  • Rectus Femoris. (correct)
  • What is a common mechanism of injury (MOI) for an adductor strain?

    <p>Violent external rotation with the leg abducted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the resisted range of motion (RROM) testing evaluate?

    <p>Muscle weakness and joint stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Piriformis syndrome results from pressure on the sciatic nerve caused by which factors?

    <p>Hemorrhage or spasm of the piriformis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the Rectus Femoris muscle in relation to injury?

    <p>It can present with a palpable divot when injured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is least likely to be a contributing factor in the onset of piriformis syndrome?

    <p>Cycling as a form of exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the common signs for diagnosing problems related to the tibial tubercle?

    <p>Enlarged tibial tubercle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main factors contributing to Bursitis around the knee?

    <p>Poor biomechanical alignment and direct blows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of Ilio Tibial Band Friction Syndrome?

    <p>Pain on direct pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effective treatment approach for Bursitis around the knee?

    <p>Gradual strengthening and protective padding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which age range is it most common to observe symptoms related to the tibial tubercle?

    <p>8-13 years for females and 10-15 years for males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with Bursitis around the knee?

    <p>Extreme end range of extension pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of activities might precipitate Ilio Tibial Band Friction Syndrome?

    <p>Continuous running and training errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is common in the demographic of individuals affected by tibial tubercle conditions?

    <p>Three times more common in males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of clinical assessment in rehabilitation?

    <p>To return the athlete to activities of daily living and competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of clinical assessment?

    <p>Surgical history review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of field assessment, what does 'H' in HOPS stand for?

    <p>History</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During palpation, what is the recommended starting point?

    <p>Away from the area of injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the primary function of special tests in clinical assessment?

    <p>To assess structural and functional limitations of the injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using the SOAP format in documentation?

    <p>To present information in a systematic and clear way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'S' in the HOPS assessment framework represent?

    <p>Stress testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of injury does NOT fall under the categories listed for mechanisms of injury?

    <p>Concussion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the clinician approach the observation of an injured area during assessment?

    <p>Conduct a holistic inspection of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern during a field assessment?

    <p>Documenting observed mechanism of injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of poor warm-up practices before engaging in physical activity?

    <p>Injury leading to chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle compartment is primarily affected by 'shin splints'?

    <p>Anterior compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanical factor is NOT typically associated with strains of the lower leg?

    <p>Proper footwear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is involved in a lateral ankle sprain?

    <p>Anterior Talo-Fibular Ligament (ATFL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is most likely to aggravate symptoms associated with a gastrocnemius strain?

    <p>Stair climbing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a precaution that should be taken to avoid an anterior compartment syndrome?

    <p>Engage in proper stretching and warm-up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When returning to activity after a lower leg injury, what is a critical strategy to prevent re-injury?

    <p>Gradual return to play (RTP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can lead to calcification due to chronic irritation of the calf muscle?

    <p>Gastrocnemius strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended method for treating swelling in a sprained ankle?

    <p>Apply PIER treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign of plantar fasciitis?

    <p>Numbness and tingling in the toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mechanism of injury (MOI) leading to Achilles tendonitis?

    <p>Loss of flexibility in ankle plantar flexors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What preventative measure can help reduce the risk of developing Achilles tendonitis?

    <p>Gradually increase activity level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method is specifically recommended for managing adhesions in Achilles tendonitis?

    <p>Frictions and ultrasound therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What foot type is commonly associated with plantar fasciitis?

    <p>Flat foot and high arched foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key component of PIER treatment?

    <p>Elevation of the affected limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended treatment option for an individual suffering from plantar fasciitis?

    <p>Use of orthotics or heel cups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of femoroacetabular impingement?

    <p>Pinching of the femoral head against the acetabulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly recommended for a meniscus tear?

    <p>Arthroscopy for joint inspection and repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is often associated with patellar tendonitis, commonly known as 'jumper's knee'?

    <p>Tenderness at the inferior pole of the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying condition can contribute to osteoarthritis of the hip?

    <p>Obesity leading to uneven weight distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of a labral tear in the hip?

    <p>Clicking or catching sensation in the hip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of a PCL injury?

    <p>Backward displacement of the tibia on the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes true chondromalacia patella from regular patellar pain?

    <p>Is a degeneration of articular cartilage confirmed surgically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical symptom of MCL sprain?

    <p>Sharp, medial knee pain after twisting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often a cause of patella femoral pain syndrome?

    <p>Changes in biomechanics due to a high Q-angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of knee joint instability during rehabilitation of a sprain?

    <p>Inadequate quadriceps strengthening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the growth plate at the tibial tuberosity?

    <p>Osgood Schlatter's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical therapy approach is integral after ACL surgery for recovery?

    <p>Emphasizing hamstring strengthening for rehabilitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bone structure is primarily affected in a complete ACL tear due to hyperextension?

    <p>Anterior cruciate ligament connecting tibia and femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What biomechanical issue can result from previous trauma to the knee joint?

    <p>Altered load distribution leading to cartilage degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lower Quadrant Conditions

    • Readings: Andrews, Harrelson, Wilk. Physical Rehabilitation of the Injured Athlete, 4th Ed, Saunders 2012

    Objectives

    • Objective 1: Injury Assessment

      • Injury assessment is the act of assessing, appraising, and evaluating.
      • It also involves classifying people or things.
    • Objective 2: Injuries of the Lower Quadrant

      • This objective focuses on examining conditions of the hip.

    Mechanisms of Injury

    • Strain
    • Rupture
    • Fracture
    • Avulsion Fracture
    • Ligament Sprains
    • Overuse
    • Underuse

    Clinical Assessment

    • Clinical Assessment (Starts at clinic)
      • Environment: Controlled
      • Emergency cleared
      • Decisions to make: Further medical attention, tests, orthopaedic consult, orthotics, or bracing.
    • Clinical Assessment (Needs of rehabilitation)
      • Determine athlete's goals
      • Determine therapists goals
      • Return athlete to daily living activities and competition.
    • Clinical Assessment (Components):
      • History
      • Observations (includes reflexes, sensation, etc.)
      • Rule outs
      • Functional assessment
      • Special tests
      • Palpation
    • Documentation Format: SOAP

    Field Assessment

    • Field Assessment:
      • Observe mechanism of injury.
      • Environment: Uncontrolled
      • May need to assess within rules of the game
      • Primary Survey (ABC)
      • Secondary Survey
      • Components: History (H), Observations (O), Palpations (P), Stress/Special tests (S)

    HOPS Assessment

    • History:

      • Primary complaint
      • Mechanism of injury (if not seen)
      • Areas & nature of the pain
      • Functional ability ("I can't feel my fingers")
      • Symptoms associated with injury
      • Previous history of injury
      • Ask relevant, NON-LEADING questions (open-ended), listen attentively
      • Allow athlete to describe injury
    • Observations:

      • Survey entire injured area
      • Look for obvious signs of injury
      • Note general body alignment
      • Observe functional abilities
      • Inspect injured area
      • Be alert for signs of trauma
      • Watch athlete's face and/or eyes
      • Compare bilaterally
    • Palpation:

      • Avoid unnecessary pain.
      • Ensure injured area is relaxed
      • Demonstrate care.
      • Encourage cooperation.
      • Start away from the site of injury, moving toward the injured area.
    • Palpation Key Information:

      • Areas/pain/tenderness
      • Deformity
      • Distal circulation, skin temperature, muscle spasm
      • Swelling
      • Crepitus
      • Sensory function
    • HOPS Assessment Palpation (Additional Info):

      • What do you feel? (crepitus, bogginess, etc.)
    • HOPS Assessment Stress Testing:

      • Determine nature of injury
      • AROM
      • PROM
      • RROM
      • Specials

    Stress Testing

    • Begin testing carefully, slowly and gently.
      • First assess the uninjured structures bilaterally.
      • Increase testing intensity as tolerated.
      • Explain procedure to the athlete, promote trust and cooperation.
    • Always Begin with Functional Testing.
      • Active, passive and resisted ROM.
    • Active Testing: Take note of quality and quantity of movement in the pain-free range; address most painful ranges.
    • Passive Testing: Therapist moves the joint through its full, pain-free range of motion.
    • Resisted Testing: Strong, static isometric voluntary muscle contraction with joint in neutral position, athlete meets resistance.
      • Evaluate on a 0-5 grading scale; consider possible attributing factors (Upper motor neuron lesion, Injury to peripheral nerve, Pathology at NMJ, Injury to muscle itself).

    Hips

    • Common Hip Injuries
      • Hip Flexor Strains
      • Adductor Strains
      • Piriformis Syndrome
      • Osteoarthritis of the Hip
      • Labral Tears
      • Femoroacetabular Impingement

    Knee

    • Knee Movements: flexion (range 0–135°), extension (0–15°), medial rotation (20–30°), lateral rotation (30–40°).

    • MCL Sprain

      • Symptoms: based on severity, pain, instability, swelling, discoloration, disability.
      • Treatment: acute stages-immobilization (Zimmer splint, crutches, PIER), healing stages-CKC exercises (as soon as weight-bearing, NMES with CKC squats @ 30°), strengthen adductors to help re-enforce joint stability.
      • Grades vary from small tear showing stability (Grade 1) to complete tear and instability (Grade 3).
    • LCL Sprain

      • Symptoms: sharp lateral pain, subtle instability, non impressive swelling
      • Treatment: acute immobilization; healing stages-CKC exercises, NMES with CKC squats @ 30°, strengthen adductors to help re-enforce joint stability.
    • ACL Sprain

      • Symptoms: pop/snap, pain, effusion/hemarthrosis (often immediate), patient c/o instability, tender anterior tibial plateau, limited ROM.
      • Treatment: PIER, immobilize knee, crutches, referral to orthopaedic surgeon for further management, hamstring strengthening is key. Post-op treatment; bracing for RTS recommended for first year post-op
    • PCL Sprain

      • Symptoms vary.
      • Treatment: assess posterior instability, acute treatment as per ACL, re-establish quad strength/function (60% body weight goal), proprioception exercise.
    • Meniscus Tears

      • Symptoms: knee swelling (synovial irritation), occasional “giving way”, pain on same side as injury (joint line), Recurrent swelling with use, positive McMurray’s test, recurrent “clicking”, quads wasting, unable to perform bilateral deep squat, locking.
      • Treatment (immediate): Do NOT force a locked knee into extension, PIER, NWB, refer to consult; Treatment (surgical): Arthroscopy, day surgery (patient walks out of hospital), 10-14 days post-op possible to RTP, treat for swelling and strengthen around joint.
    • Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS):

      • Causes: Patellar malalignment, congenital abnormalities, wide hips/Q-angle, knee malalignment (bowlegged), muscle imbalances (tight lateral structures, weak medially)
      • Treatment: depends on the cause, strengthen weakness, stretch tightness, hip strengthening, foot alignment.
    • True Chondromalacia Patella:

      • Treatment: Find the cause, treat the cause, increase patellar mobility, restore quads synchronicity, restore knee mechanics, strengthen quads, stretch lateral compartment, correct foot biomechanics, and educate.
    • Patellar Tendonitis (“Jumper's Knee”):

      • Causes: repetitive or eccentric knee extension activities (running, jumping) location: between inferior pole of patella and tibial tubercle
      • Stages of Pain: 1) After activity, 2) During and after activity, 3) During and after activity (performance affected)
      • Treatment: PIER immediately after activity, rehab (massage, stretch), tape, brace.
    • Osgood-Schlatter Disease:

      • Cause: Apophysitis of tibial tubercle, traumatic fracture. excessive pull of patellar tendon on tibial tuberosity before bony closure.
      • Symptoms: Pain on direct pressure (kneeling), pain on active use (climbing stairs, running, jumping), pain extreme at end range of extension; Enlarged tibial tubercle, age 10-15 males, 8-13 females, bilateral (25-30% of the time)
      • Treatment: Time, stretching, gradual strengthening, straps.
    • Bursitis Around the Knee:

      • Types: Suprapatellar, prepatellar, superficial infrapatellar, deep infrapatellar, and pes anserine.
      • General Mechanisms: Direct Blow (repeated or single), friction, poor biomechanics.
      • Treatment: PIER, rest (use may irritate condition), Protective padding (donut), Stretch structures over top of bursa, Open space around bursa.
    • Ilio Tibial Band Friction Syndrome:

      • Etiology: Lean individuals, varus knee(malalignment), precipitated by contusion, continuous running, training errors, banked surfaces, running downhill, increased training.
      • Signs/Symptoms: ↑ pain as activity time ↑, tender epicondyle (2-3 cm above lateral joint line), Crepitus with flex/extn; Stair climbing aggravates; Resisted knee flexion=no pain.
      • Treatment: PIER, address mechanics, good warm up/stretches, gradual RTP, stop if pain returns
    • Strains of the Lower Leg:

      • Tibialis Anterior: improper footwear, down hill running, poor warm-up, poor arch support, anterior compartment syndrome

      • Peroneal Strain: Usually secondary; inversion ankle sprain, need to be strengthened in inversion sprain rehab

      • Gastrocnemius Strain: caution necessary; rupture, chronic irritation, poor warm-up stretching, running uphill/poor footwear. Slow return.

      • "Shin Splints":

        • Symptoms: Anterior compartment. tibialis anterior tendinosis, Posterior Compartment, tibialis posterior tendinosis; running on hard surfaces, too much too soon, poor arch support, muscle imbalance, poor mechanics of running.
        • Pathology (underlying cause): inflammation of muscle belly, tearing of muscle from bone, tear in interosseous membrane.
        • Treatment: Rest, change activity, footwear change, stretch, gradually strengthen
    • Lateral Ankle Sprain:

      • MOI: rolling of the ankle; inversion. Often coupled plantar flexion, landing from a jump, cutting, uneven ground.
      • Symptoms: Instability (grade dependant), pain with inversion and plantar flexion, swelling, discoloration, positive anterior drawer test
      • Treatment: Keep ankle joint in neutral position to shorten ligaments, PIER, open gibney, crutches (high grade), X-ray, strengthen peroneal group.
    • Achilles Tendonitis:

      • MOI: ↓flexibility, foot type (pes planus vs pes cavus), new footwear, changes in training schedules, ↑ mileage, hill training.
      • Treatment: find the cause, rest, friction/ultrasound for adhesions, heel lift for shoe, taping, gradual stretching and strengthening, eccentrics.
    • Plantar Fasciitis:

      • Symptoms: Point tender medial side of calcaneous, localized pain, stiff in the AM, swelling, unable to walk on toes, pain ↑ with passive toe extension.
      • Treatment: PIER (rest, ice), X-ray, ultrasound, stretch Achilles, proper footwear, tape, orthotics, heel cup, balance pelvis, roll/massage tendon.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    More Like This

    Untitled Quiz
    6 questions

    Untitled Quiz

    AdoredHealing avatar
    AdoredHealing
    Untitled Quiz
    37 questions

    Untitled Quiz

    WellReceivedSquirrel7948 avatar
    WellReceivedSquirrel7948
    Untitled Quiz
    18 questions

    Untitled Quiz

    RighteousIguana avatar
    RighteousIguana
    Untitled Quiz
    50 questions

    Untitled Quiz

    JoyousSulfur avatar
    JoyousSulfur
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser