Questions and Answers
What is a Plaintiff?
What is a Defendant?
An individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law.
Who is the Petitioner?
The losing party who asks a higher court to review their case.
Who is the Respondent?
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What is Prosecution?
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What are Criminal Cases?
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What is Concurrent Jurisdiction?
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What are Trial Courts?
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What are Appellate Courts?
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What is the Supreme Court?
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What is Jurisdiction?
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What are Justices?
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What is Subject Matter Jurisdiction?
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What are federal-question cases?
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What are Diversity Jurisdiction Requirements?
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What does The Senate do regarding federal judges?
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What is The President's role in judicial nominations?
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Why is the life term for federal judges important?
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What is a Verdict?
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What is Federalism?
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Study Notes
Legal Terminology
- Plaintiff: The person initiating a lawsuit in a civil case, seeking remedy against another party.
- Defendant: The individual, company, or institution being accused or sued in a court of law.
- Petitioner: The party who lost in a lower court and requests a higher court to review the case decision.
- Respondent: The party opposing a petition for appeal, typically the one who prevailed in the prior ruling.
Case Types and Structure
- Prosecution: Government entity responsible for bringing charges in a criminal case against an accused individual.
- Criminal Cases: Legal cases involving state laws that define criminal behavior and corresponding penalties.
- Concurrent Jurisdiction: Situations where both state and federal courts can hear and adjudicate the same case.
- Trial Courts: Courts that handle the initial proceedings of a case, establishing relevant facts and applying the law.
- Appellate Courts: Courts that review trial court decisions to ensure correct legal application without re-evaluating factual evidence.
Court Hierarchy
- Supreme Court: The apex judicial body in a country or state, holding the highest authority in legal matters.
- Jurisdiction: The legal authority of a court to hear a specific case, determining the scope of its power.
- Justices: Judges serving on the Supreme Court, tasked with making significant legal decisions.
Jurisdiction Types
- Subject Matter Jurisdiction: The specific types of cases that can only be heard in federal court, such as military or immigration cases.
- Federal-Question Cases: Cases related to constitutional issues, federal laws, or treaties that fall under federal court jurisdiction.
- Diversity Jurisdiction Requirements: Scenarios allowing federal court jurisdiction when parties reside in different states and the amount in dispute exceeds $75,000.
Judicial Nominations
- The Senate: Plays a critical role in confirming presidential nominations for federal judges, providing checks and balances.
- The President: Responsible for nominating federal judges and forwarding these nominations to the Senate for approval.
- Life Term for Federal Judges: Ensures judicial impartiality by insulating judges from political pressures, permitting them to make unbiased decisions.
Legal Outcomes
- Verdict: The decision reached by a jury in a trial, determining the outcome of the case.
- Federalism: The division of powers between national and state governments, establishing a system of governance in the U.S.
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Description
Explore key legal terms in the dual court system with these flashcards. Each card features important definitions that will help you understand roles in a legal case. Perfect for students preparing for law school or enhancing their legal vocabulary.