Untitled Quiz

Safe and competent care for critically ill patients with altered perception and their families.

Nursing practice focused on critically ill patients.

A systematic approach to patient care, including assessment, diagnosis, planning, and evaluation.

Evaluating a patient's health status using various methods.

Determining a patient's health problems and needs.

Moral guidelines related to nursing values and care.

Specific goals or expectations for what a learner should be able to do after a module.

Care that considers the patient as a whole person, addressing physical, emotional, and social needs.

A test that records the brain's electrical activity to diagnose conditions like seizures, encephalopathy, or brain death.

A technician applies conductive paste and electrodes to the scalp and neck, requiring the patient to remain still during the test.

Tests that measure the nervous system's response to stimuli (visual, auditory, sensory) to detect lesions or diagnose blindness or deafness in infants.

The patient remains still while a technician applies electrodes to the head and neck. Stimuli, such as lights or sounds, are presented during the test.

A procedure where a needle is inserted into the spinal canal to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis or to relieve pressure.

Detects blood in CSF, collects CSF samples, injects contrast dye, administers drugs/anesthetics, and relieves increased pressure.

A test that uses sound waves to measure blood flow in the brain's arteries, checking for blockages or narrowing.

Detects blood flow problems in the brain's arteries, which could indicate stroke risk or other conditions.

Mild traumatic brain injuries (TBI) typically require rest, over-the-counter pain relievers for headaches, and close monitoring for worsening symptoms. Follow-up appointments with a doctor are necessary to determine when returning to normal activities is appropriate.

For mild TBIs, it's recommended to limit physical and mental activities that worsen symptoms during the initial recovery period. However, complete rest isn't advised. Gradually resuming routine activities is the goal.

Emergency treatment focuses on ensuring adequate oxygen supply, maintaining blood pressure, and preventing further head or neck injury. Additional care includes addressing other injuries and minimizing secondary brain damage due to inflammation, bleeding, or reduced oxygenation.

Anti-seizure medications are often given to patients with moderate to severe TBIs during the week following the injury to prevent seizures and potential additional brain damage. Continued treatment is only necessary for individuals who experience seizures.

These medications temporarily induce a coma to reduce the brain's oxygen needs. This is beneficial for cases where increased pressure in the brain compresses blood vessels, hindering nutrient and oxygen delivery.

Diuretics help remove excess fluid from tissues and increase urine output. This is used to manage swelling in the brain and reduce pressure on brain cells.

Damage that occurs after the initial injury, often due to factors like swelling, inflammation, or reduced oxygen supply. This can worsen the severity of the TBI.

Maintaining adequate oxygen levels and blood pressure is crucial for brain function. Brain cells require a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients, and disruptions can lead to further damage and worsen outcomes.

A CT scan is used to detect structural abnormalities, edema, and lesions in the brain, helping to distinguish stroke from other conditions like tumors or hematomas. It can show evidence of hemorrhagic stroke immediately and ischemic stroke within 72 hours.

MRI provides detailed images of the brain, identifying areas of ischemia (reduced blood flow) and infarction (tissue death), as well as cerebral swelling.

This invasive test utilizes contrast dye to visualize cerebral circulation, revealing disruptions or displacements caused by blockages or hemorrhages.

A non-invasive ultrasound exam that visualizes blood flow in the carotid arteries, detecting stenosis (narrowing) caused by plaque buildup or blood clots.

A spinal tap used to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis. In cases of hemorrhagic stroke, the CSF will be bloody.

Used to rule out hypoglycemia, which can mimic stroke symptoms. This test helps determine if stroke is the primary cause of the patient's symptoms.

Blood tests including CBC, platelet count, PT, PTT, and fibrinogen levels are obtained before administering thrombolytic medication to establish a baseline for comparison.

A life-threatening condition where the body's organs don't get enough blood flow, leading to cell damage and organ failure. It can be caused by infections, injuries, heart attacks, or other conditions.

A body-wide inflammatory response, often triggered by infection, trauma, or surgery. It's characterized by high fever, rapid heart rate, rapid breathing, and low blood pressure.

A serious complication where multiple organs fail due to a combination of factors, often in response to severe inflammation. It's often a consequence of SIRS and shock.

Nurses play a crucial role in monitoring the client's vital signs, providing comfort measures, administering medications, educating the client and family, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals to ensure optimal care.

Shock can manifest with pale and clammy skin, rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, rapid breathing, confusion, and decreased urine output. It can also cause weakness, fatigue, and anxiety.

Managing shock requires immediate attention. It often involves restoring blood flow to the organs by providing fluids, medication, and sometimes surgery. Airway management and breathing support may also be needed.

SIRS is diagnosed when the patient has two or more of the following: increased temperature, rapid heart rate, rapid breathing, and low blood pressure.

MODS progresses in stages, starting with organ dysfunction and potentially leading to failure. It often involves the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, and brain. Early recognition and intervention are crucial.

When cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates in the brain's ventricles, it can cause increased pressure and swelling, often occurring after traumatic brain injuries.

Skull fractures or penetrating wounds can break the protective layers surrounding the brain (meninges), allowing bacteria to enter and cause meningitis.

Traumatic brain injuries can damage blood vessels in the brain, leading to stroke, blood clots, or other complications.

This refers to a combination of symptoms like headaches, vertigo, and cognitive difficulties persisting for weeks to months after a traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injuries at the base of the skull can damage cranial nerves, leading to problems like facial paralysis, altered senses, swallowing difficulties, dizziness, and hearing issues.

Many people who have suffered significant brain injuries face challenges in thinking and cognitive abilities, like focusing, processing information, and memory.

Nurses play a crucial role in monitoring patients' conditions, administering medications, providing comfort, and educating patients and their families on recovery and management of symptoms.

Brain cells require a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients. Disruptions in oxygen supply due to injuries can lead to further damage and worsen outcomes.