105 Questions
What is the main cause of the rapid acid formation in the caries process?
Fermentation of proteins by micro-organisms
What factor is essential for dental caries to progress?
Greater demineralization than remineralization
What is the interesting feature of an early carious lesion of the enamel?
Mineral loss beneath a relatively intact enamel surface
What happens if toothbrushing is stopped for 2-3 days?
Formation of dental plaque
What comprises about 70% of dental plaque?
Microorganisms
Which microorganisms are much more numerous when the diet is rich in sugar and other carbohydrates?
Mutans streptococci
What happens to the pH within plaque due to outward diffusion of acids?
Rises
At what pH does further erosion occur as dental caries?
< 4
What acts as a partial barrier to diffusion for early carious lesions of the enamel?
[Dental plaque]
What happens to Mutans streptococci when the diet is rich in sugar and other carbohydrates?
Increase in number
What do microorganisms in dental plaque mainly metabolize sugars into?
Acids
What is the critical pH for demineralization of the enamel to occur?
pH 5.5
What is the most important natural defense against dental caries according to the text?
Saliva
What is the primary risk factor for Early Childhood Caries (ECC) according to the text?
Prolonged bottle feeding
What is the estimated number of children suffering from caries of primary teeth globally, according to the text?
514 million
What are the essential risk factors for Early Childhood Caries (ECC) according to the WHO 2020 report?
Non-exclusive breastfeeding and free sugars consumption
What determines the progression or regression of caries according to the text?
Concentration of calcium and phosphate in saliva and plaque
What is characterized by the presence of one or more teeth affected by carious lesions or with white spot lesions in primary teeth in a child aged under six years?
White spot lesion at upper primary incisors
How do infants acquire Mutans Streptococci (MS) according to the text?
'First window of infectivity' between 19 and 33 months
What is not present in oral cavity before tooh eruption, according to the text?
Transmission of MS through a habit of kissing by mother
How is prolonged feeding linked with Early Childhood Caries (ECC) according to the text?
Leads to accumulation of milk on teeth causing demineralization
What is the recommended fluoride concentration for toothpaste usage in children with ECC?
1450-1500 ppm
Which method supports the remineralization of enamel in ECC?
CPP-ACP (Casein Phosphopeptide - Amorphous Calcium Phosphate) usage at home
What preventive strategy should be planned for future dentition of ECC children?
Fissure sealant application
At what age should parents/caregivers take the responsibility of brushing the teeth of children?
2-4 years old
How often should topical fluoride be applied for children in the high caries risk group?
Four times a year
What is the purpose of GIC restorations in ECC management?
To stabilize oral health before final restorations
What age group of children should use 1000 ppm fluoridated toothpaste in healthy conditions?
6-12 years old
Which method should be used to decrease the transmission of Mutans Streptococci (MS)?
"Clorhexidine mouthrinses"
What are the recommended preventive strategies for ECC children's future dentition?
"Fissure sealant application"
What is the suitable age for dental floss education to be given to children?
>8 years old
How often should topical fluoride be applied for children in the low caries risk group?
Twice a year
What is the suitable age for proper toothbrushing education as per the text?
8-10 years old
Children 0-6 year old should use ______ fluoridated toothpaste.
500 ppm
Dentist should plan the preventive strategies for future ______.
dentition
ECC children should be evaluated as '______' group.
high caries risk
After stabilization, final restorations could be ______.
placed
To emphasize the importance of regular dental ______.
controls
Dental floss education could be given to children over ______ year old.
8
Topical fluoride application by dentist differs according to the ______ group of children.
risk
Children over 6 year old could use ______ without risk.
mouthwashes
To decrease the MS in mouth before final restorations 'stabilization' should be ______.
occurred
Parents/ caregivings should take the responsibility of brushing teeth children up to ______ year-old.
8
Children above 12 year old with high caries risk should use 2400 ppm fluoridated ______.
toothpaste
CPP-ACP (Casein Phosphopeptide - Amorphous Calcium Phosphate) usage at home supports the ______ of enamel at ECC.
remineralization
The main features of the caries process are: 1. fermentation of carbohydrate to organic acids by ______
micro-organisms
Rapid acid formation, which lowers the pH at the enamel surface, is a feature of the caries process due to the outward diffusion of ______
acids
Dental caries progresses only when demineralization is greater than ______
remineralization
One of the interesting features of an early carious lesion of the enamel is that the lesion is ______
subsurface
Plaque does not consist of food debris, but comprises 70% ______
microorganisms
Mutans streptococci are much more numerous when the diet is rich in sugar and other ______
carbohydrates
Plaque forms on uncleaned tooth surfaces if toothbrushing is stopped for 2-3 days. Plaque does not consist of food debris, but comprises 70% ______
microorganisms
Further erosion occurs at much lower pHs ( < 4) as dental ______
caries
The layer of dental plaque on the tooth surface acts as a partial barrier to ______
diffusion
Dental plaque forms on uncleaned tooth surfaces if toothbrushing is stopped for 2-3 days. Plaque does not consist of food debris, but comprises 70% ______
microorganisms
Mutans streptococci are much more numerous when the diet is rich in sugar and other ______
carbohydrates
Mutans streptococci are much more numerous when the diet is rich in ______ and other carbohydrates, and these organisms are particularly good at metabolizing sugars to acids
sugar
The ______ shows that plaque pH falls from an average of about pH 6.8 to near pH 5 within 2-3 min of eating sugar, taking about 40 min to return to its original value. Below pH 5.5, demineralization of the enamel occurs, known as the critical pH.
Stephan curve
If the process of dental caries continues, support for the surface layer will become so weak that it will crumble like an eggshell, creating a ______.
cavity
The most important of the natural defences against dental caries is ______.
saliva
Globally, an estimated 2 billion people suffer from caries of permanent teeth and 514 million children suffer from caries of primary teeth. 35 % 35-69 % > 70 % According to WHO 2020 ENDING CHILDHOOD DENTAL CARIES report, primary care teams; understand ECC as a public health problem; recognize the essential risk factors for ECC, which include non-exclusive breastfeeding, free sugars consumption, and inadequate exposure to fluoride to prevent dental caries; and identify opportunities to prevent ECC and combat its causes.
Ending Childhood Caries (ECC)
Early childhood caries (ECC) differs from dental caries in older children and adults in its rapid development, its diversity of risk factors, and its ______.
control
Transmission of Str Mutans from mother to baby 2. Wrong feeding habits 3. Lack of education 4. Interaction of bacteria, tooth surface, and sugary food. What are the primary ______ of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) according to the text?
risk factors
Transmission of Str Mutans from mother to baby: Infants acquire MS from their mothers only after the eruption of primary teeth. There is not MS in oral cavity before tooh eruption. Children acquire MS during a discrete period between the age of 19 and 33 months, designated as the ‘ first window of infectivity’, and the source of initial infection mostly is through ______.
mother
Prolonged and nocturnal (night time) breastfeeding or bottle feeding is associated with an increased risk of ECC, especially after the age of 12 months. Breast milk has lactose in it. Breastfeeding should be finished in 1520 minutes. Prolonged feeding accumulates milk on teeth the whole night which will cause to start the ______.
demineralization
The aetiology and prevention of ECC are strongly determined by sociobehavioural, economic, environmental, and societal factors, known as the social determinants of ______.
health
The aetiology is frequently linked with a high-frequent consumption of sugared drinks or food, lack of breastfeeding, and/or poor oral hygiene. Additionally, the disease often manifests in children from poor families or living in poor environmental ______.
settings
If salivary flow is impaired, dental caries can progress very rapidly. Saliva not only physically removes dietary substrates and acids produced by plaque from the mouth, but it has a most important role in buffering the pH in saliva and within plaque. Fast-flowing saliva is alkaline⎯reaching pH values of 7.5-8.0⎯and is vitally important in raising the pH of dental plaque previously lowered by exposure to sugar and carbohydrates. Because teeth consist largely of calcium and phosphate, the concentration of calcium and phosphate in saliva and plaque is thought to be important in determining the progression or regression of ______.
caries
One of the tasks of epidemiology is to record the level of disease and the variation between groups. A second task is to record changes in the levels of dental caries in populations over time, while a third task is to try to explain these ______.
variations
What is the pH at which further erosion occurs as dental caries?
pH < 4
What comprises about 70% of dental plaque?
microorganisms
How is the layer of dental plaque acting as a barrier to diffusion described in the text?
partial barrier
What is the primary risk factor for Early Childhood Caries (ECC) according to the text?
non-exclusive breastfeeding
What preventive strategy should be planned for the future dentition of ECC children?
preventive treatment plan
What is the estimated number of children suffering from caries of primary teeth globally, according to the text?
514 million
What factor is essential for dental caries to progress?
demineralization greater than remineralization
What is the recommended fluoride concentration for toothpaste usage in children with ECC?
2400 ppm
What is the characteristic feature of an early carious lesion of the enamel according to the text?
subsurface
How often should topical fluoride be applied for children in the low caries risk group?
every 6 months
What are the essential risk factors for Early Childhood Caries (ECC) according to the WHO 2020 report?
non-exclusive breastfeeding, free sugars consumption, inadequate exposure to fluoride
What determines the progression or regression of caries according to the text?
concentration of calcium and phosphate
What is the critical pH for demineralization of the enamel to occur?
pH 5.5
What is the most important natural defense against dental caries according to the text?
Saliva
What factor is essential for dental caries to progress?
Dietary carbohydrates
What comprises about 70% of dental plaque?
Microorganisms
What happens to the pH within plaque due to outward diffusion of acids?
Lowers
What is the recommended fluoride concentration for toothpaste usage in children with ECC?
1000 ppm
What is the purpose of GIC restorations in ECC management?
To remineralize enamel
What is the primary risk factor for Early Childhood Caries (ECC) according to the text?
Free sugars consumption
What is the main cause of the rapid acid formation in the caries process?
Metabolizing sugars to acids
What is the critical pH for demineralization of the enamel to occur?
pH 5.5
What happens to the pH within plaque due to outward diffusion of acids?
Lowers
What is the most important natural defense against dental caries according to the text?
Saliva
What are the primary risk factors for Early Childhood Caries (ECC) according to the text?
Lack of education, interaction of bacteria, tooth surface, and sugary food
What is the estimated number of children suffering from caries of primary teeth globally, according to the text?
More than 600 million
What is the suitable age for proper toothbrushing education as per the text?
Parents/caregivers should take the responsibility of brushing the teeth of children up to 8 years old.
How do infants acquire Mutans Streptococci (MS) according to the text?
Infants acquire MS from their mothers after the eruption of primary teeth.
What ages of children should use 1000 ppm fluoridated toothpaste in healthy conditions, as per the text?
Children 6-12 years old
What is the recommended fluoride concentration for toothpaste usage in children with ECC?
1450-1500 ppm
What happens to the pH within plaque due to outward diffusion of acids?
The pH within plaque decreases due to outward diffusion of acids.
What factor is essential for dental caries to progress?
Demineralization being greater than remineralization
What method supports the remineralization of enamel in ECC?
CPP-ACP (Casein Phosphopeptide - Amorphous Calcium Phosphate) usage at home
What preventive strategy should be planned for future dentition of ECC children?
Fissure sealant application
At what pH does further erosion occur as dental caries?
At pH < 4
What comprises about 70% of dental plaque?
Bacteria
Test your knowledge on caries epidemiology and early childhood caries with this quiz. Learn about the properties of ECC and the preventive treatment plan for ECC.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
