Podcast
Questions and Answers
What did the early theories of abnormality primarily emphasize as a cause of mental illness?
What did the early theories of abnormality primarily emphasize as a cause of mental illness?
- Psychological trauma
- Imbalance of bodily fluids (correct)
- Social environment
- Genetic abnormalities
The DSM-I and DSM-II categorized disorders into five main types.
The DSM-I and DSM-II categorized disorders into five main types.
False (B)
What significant system did the DSM-III introduce for assessing psychiatric problems?
What significant system did the DSM-III introduce for assessing psychiatric problems?
Multiaxial assessment system
The four bodily fluids thought to cause mental illness include blood, phlegm, __________, and yellow bile.
The four bodily fluids thought to cause mental illness include blood, phlegm, __________, and yellow bile.
Which edition of the DSM introduced specific diagnostic criteria for disorders?
Which edition of the DSM introduced specific diagnostic criteria for disorders?
The DSM-III included psychoanalytic language to describe its disorders.
The DSM-III included psychoanalytic language to describe its disorders.
How many axes were utilized in the multiaxial assessment system of the DSM?
How many axes were utilized in the multiaxial assessment system of the DSM?
Match the following DSM editions with their key features:
Match the following DSM editions with their key features:
What can jeopardize a client's sense of comfort during an interview?
What can jeopardize a client's sense of comfort during an interview?
Creating rapport is unimportant in a client-interviewer relationship.
Creating rapport is unimportant in a client-interviewer relationship.
Name two common behaviors that may be observed in clients during an interview.
Name two common behaviors that may be observed in clients during an interview.
Rapport refers to a positive, comfortable relationship between the interviewer and the _____ .
Rapport refers to a positive, comfortable relationship between the interviewer and the _____ .
Match the following aspects of client behavior with their descriptions:
Match the following aspects of client behavior with their descriptions:
What is one effort an interviewer can make to enhance the client's experience?
What is one effort an interviewer can make to enhance the client's experience?
What does Axis V of the DSM include?
What does Axis V of the DSM include?
Behavioral observations are unnecessary for writing a report summarizing assessment results.
Behavioral observations are unnecessary for writing a report summarizing assessment results.
What is one potential problem that could hinder building rapport with clients?
What is one potential problem that could hinder building rapport with clients?
The DSM-5 was published in January 2013.
The DSM-5 was published in January 2013.
Who led the effort in creating the DSM-5?
Who led the effort in creating the DSM-5?
The ___ approach for personality disorders was rejected by DSM-5 authors.
The ___ approach for personality disorders was rejected by DSM-5 authors.
Which of the following personality disorders was considered for removal in the DSM-5?
Which of the following personality disorders was considered for removal in the DSM-5?
Match the axes of the DSM with their primary focus:
Match the axes of the DSM with their primary focus:
The DSM-5 authors emphasized removing all personality disorders from the manual.
The DSM-5 authors emphasized removing all personality disorders from the manual.
What was one of the main considerations for the DSM-5 authors regarding mental disorders?
What was one of the main considerations for the DSM-5 authors regarding mental disorders?
What is the primary purpose of confrontation in an interview?
What is the primary purpose of confrontation in an interview?
Paraphrasing breaks new ground in the conversation.
Paraphrasing breaks new ground in the conversation.
What does a reflection of feeling aim to achieve in client interactions?
What does a reflection of feeling aim to achieve in client interactions?
____ is used in interviews to tie together various topics and identify recurring themes.
____ is used in interviews to tie together various topics and identify recurring themes.
How does an interviewer typically respond when paraphrasing a client's statement?
How does an interviewer typically respond when paraphrasing a client's statement?
Confrontation and paraphrasing serve the same purpose in an interview.
Confrontation and paraphrasing serve the same purpose in an interview.
Name one key difference between reflecting feelings and paraphrasing.
Name one key difference between reflecting feelings and paraphrasing.
Match the following interview techniques with their main functions:
Match the following interview techniques with their main functions:
What is the primary purpose of a structured interview?
What is the primary purpose of a structured interview?
Structured interviews do not typically require a comprehensive list of questions.
Structured interviews do not typically require a comprehensive list of questions.
What is a disadvantage of structured interviews?
What is a disadvantage of structured interviews?
Structured interviews are known to be ____, producing consistent diagnostic conclusions.
Structured interviews are known to be ____, producing consistent diagnostic conclusions.
Match the type of interview with its characteristic:
Match the type of interview with its characteristic:
Which of the following best describes the perspective of some clinical psychologists regarding diagnostic interviews?
Which of the following best describes the perspective of some clinical psychologists regarding diagnostic interviews?
Structured interviews are typically more empirically sound than unstructured interviews.
Structured interviews are typically more empirically sound than unstructured interviews.
What is the acronym for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders?
What is the acronym for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders?
Study Notes
Theories of Abnormality
- Abnormality theories emphasize natural causes, particularly the imbalance of bodily fluids: blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile.
- This imbalance is considered a reason for various mental illnesses.
DSM Early Editions
- DSM-I published in 1952, followed by DSM-II in 1968.
- Both editions featured three broad disorder categories: psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders.
- These early editions reflected a psychoanalytic approach to understanding mental health issues.
DSM More Recent Editions
- DSM-III introduced in 1980 relied heavily on empirical data, defining disorders with specific diagnostic criteria.
- Added detailed checklists for symptoms while removing allegiance to any specific therapy theory.
- Introduced a multiaxial assessment system across multiple DSM editions, which was later removed in DSM-5.
- Axis I focused on episodic disorders; Axis II covered stable disorders; Axis III listed relevant medical conditions; Axis IV addressed psychosocial problems; Axis V provided a Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale.
DSM-5: The Current Edition
- Published in May 2013, marking a major revision in 20 years.
- Involved contributions from hundreds of experts over a 12-year period under leaders David Kupfer and Darrel Regier.
- Proposed changes included adding, eliminating, or revising disorder definitions in coordination with the World Health Organization (WHO).
- Consideration for a stronger emphasis on neuropsychology and biological roots of mental disorders, but the lack of definitive biological markers remains a challenge.
- A dimensional approach for personality disorders was proposed but ultimately rejected for complexity.
- Five personality disorders (paranoid, schizoid, histrionic, dependent, narcissistic) were initially considered for removal but were retained.
Importance of Rapport in Interviews
- Rapport establishes a comfortable and positive relationship between interviewer and client, crucial for effective interviews.
- Interviewers should help clients feel at ease early in the session through friendly conversation.
Interview Techniques
- Confrontation is used to address inconsistencies in client statements, helping clarify contradictions.
- Paraphrasing assures clients their comments are accurately understood, maintaining the flow of conversation.
- Reflection of Feeling involves recognizing emotions beneath clients' words, enhancing empathy and understanding.
- Summarizing ties together various topics discussed, providing an overview and indicating comprehension.
Structured Interviews
- Involve predetermined questions designed for diagnostic purposes.
- Offer reliability in diagnoses based on DSM criteria, reducing personal biases.
- Structured interviews yield standardized and empiriсally sound results.
Disadvantages of Structured Interviews
- Generally rigid format that can inhibit rapport and limit client expression.
- May overlook important relevant topics not directly tied to DSM criteria, such as personal history and relationship dynamics.
- Often require an extensive list of questions, lengthening the interview unnecessarily.
Unstructured Interviews
- Do not follow a predetermined format or sequence of questions, allowing for greater flexibility in the discussion.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz explores the early editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-I and DSM-II) and their emphasis on natural causes of mental illness. Key concepts like the imbalance of bodily fluids and categories of disorders are covered. Test your knowledge on the theories of abnormality as proposed in these landmark texts.
