DSM-I and DSM-II Overview
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Questions and Answers

What did the early theories of abnormality primarily emphasize as a cause of mental illness?

  • Psychological trauma
  • Imbalance of bodily fluids (correct)
  • Social environment
  • Genetic abnormalities

    • The DSM-I and DSM-II categorized disorders into five main types.

    False

    What significant system did the DSM-III introduce for assessing psychiatric problems?

    Multiaxial assessment system

    The four bodily fluids thought to cause mental illness include blood, phlegm, __________, and yellow bile.

    <p>black bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which edition of the DSM introduced specific diagnostic criteria for disorders?

    <p>DSM-III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DSM-III included psychoanalytic language to describe its disorders.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many axes were utilized in the multiaxial assessment system of the DSM?

    <p>Five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following DSM editions with their key features:

    <p>DSM-I = 1952 edition with psychoanalytic approach DSM-III = Introduced multiaxial assessment DSM-II = 1968 edition with three broad categories DSM-IV = Continuation of DSM-III features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can jeopardize a client's sense of comfort during an interview?

    <p>Omitting essential parts of the name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Creating rapport is unimportant in a client-interviewer relationship.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two common behaviors that may be observed in clients during an interview.

    <p>Calmness and hostility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rapport refers to a positive, comfortable relationship between the interviewer and the _____ .

    <p>client</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of client behavior with their descriptions:

    <p>Calm = A state of tranquility and composure Nervous = Feeling anxious or uneasy Hostile = Showing aggression or opposition Stoic = Showing little or no emotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effort an interviewer can make to enhance the client's experience?

    <p>Put the client at ease early in the session</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Axis V of the DSM include?

    <p>Global Assessment of Functioning scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behavioral observations are unnecessary for writing a report summarizing assessment results.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential problem that could hinder building rapport with clients?

    <p>Past negative experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DSM-5 was published in January 2013.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the effort in creating the DSM-5?

    <p>David Kupfer and Darrel Regier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ approach for personality disorders was rejected by DSM-5 authors.

    <p>dimensional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following personality disorders was considered for removal in the DSM-5?

    <p>Paranoid personality disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the axes of the DSM with their primary focus:

    <p>Axis I = Episodic disorders Axis II = Stable, long-lasting disorders Axis III = Relevant medical conditions Axis IV = Psychosocial and environmental problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DSM-5 authors emphasized removing all personality disorders from the manual.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main considerations for the DSM-5 authors regarding mental disorders?

    <p>Biological roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of confrontation in an interview?

    <p>To address discrepancies in the client's comments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paraphrasing breaks new ground in the conversation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a reflection of feeling aim to achieve in client interactions?

    <p>It aims to recognize the client's emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____ is used in interviews to tie together various topics and identify recurring themes.

    <p>Summarizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an interviewer typically respond when paraphrasing a client's statement?

    <p>By restating the client's comments using similar language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Confrontation and paraphrasing serve the same purpose in an interview.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one key difference between reflecting feelings and paraphrasing.

    <p>Reflecting feelings involves inferring the underlying emotions, while paraphrasing does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following interview techniques with their main functions:

    <p>Confrontation = Addressing inconsistencies Paraphrasing = Assuring accuracy of client's statements Reflection of Feeling = Acknowledging client's emotions Summarizing = Connecting themes and topics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a structured interview?

    <p>To produce a diagnosis based on <em>DSM</em> criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structured interviews do not typically require a comprehensive list of questions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of structured interviews?

    <p>They can inhibit rapport and the client's opportunity to elaborate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structured interviews are known to be ____, producing consistent diagnostic conclusions.

    <p>reliable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of interview with its characteristic:

    <p>Structured Interview = Planned sequence of questions Unstructured Interview = No predetermined questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the perspective of some clinical psychologists regarding diagnostic interviews?

    <p>Questions need not follow <em>DSM</em> criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structured interviews are typically more empirically sound than unstructured interviews.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acronym for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders?

    <p>SCID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Theories of Abnormality

    • Abnormality theories emphasize natural causes, particularly the imbalance of bodily fluids: blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile.
    • This imbalance is considered a reason for various mental illnesses.

    DSM Early Editions

    • DSM-I published in 1952, followed by DSM-II in 1968.
    • Both editions featured three broad disorder categories: psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders.
    • These early editions reflected a psychoanalytic approach to understanding mental health issues.

    DSM More Recent Editions

    • DSM-III introduced in 1980 relied heavily on empirical data, defining disorders with specific diagnostic criteria.
    • Added detailed checklists for symptoms while removing allegiance to any specific therapy theory.
    • Introduced a multiaxial assessment system across multiple DSM editions, which was later removed in DSM-5.
    • Axis I focused on episodic disorders; Axis II covered stable disorders; Axis III listed relevant medical conditions; Axis IV addressed psychosocial problems; Axis V provided a Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale.

    DSM-5: The Current Edition

    • Published in May 2013, marking a major revision in 20 years.
    • Involved contributions from hundreds of experts over a 12-year period under leaders David Kupfer and Darrel Regier.
    • Proposed changes included adding, eliminating, or revising disorder definitions in coordination with the World Health Organization (WHO).
    • Consideration for a stronger emphasis on neuropsychology and biological roots of mental disorders, but the lack of definitive biological markers remains a challenge.
    • A dimensional approach for personality disorders was proposed but ultimately rejected for complexity.
    • Five personality disorders (paranoid, schizoid, histrionic, dependent, narcissistic) were initially considered for removal but were retained.

    Importance of Rapport in Interviews

    • Rapport establishes a comfortable and positive relationship between interviewer and client, crucial for effective interviews.
    • Interviewers should help clients feel at ease early in the session through friendly conversation.

    Interview Techniques

    • Confrontation is used to address inconsistencies in client statements, helping clarify contradictions.
    • Paraphrasing assures clients their comments are accurately understood, maintaining the flow of conversation.
    • Reflection of Feeling involves recognizing emotions beneath clients' words, enhancing empathy and understanding.
    • Summarizing ties together various topics discussed, providing an overview and indicating comprehension.

    Structured Interviews

    • Involve predetermined questions designed for diagnostic purposes.
    • Offer reliability in diagnoses based on DSM criteria, reducing personal biases.
    • Structured interviews yield standardized and empiriсally sound results.

    Disadvantages of Structured Interviews

    • Generally rigid format that can inhibit rapport and limit client expression.
    • May overlook important relevant topics not directly tied to DSM criteria, such as personal history and relationship dynamics.
    • Often require an extensive list of questions, lengthening the interview unnecessarily.

    Unstructured Interviews

    • Do not follow a predetermined format or sequence of questions, allowing for greater flexibility in the discussion.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the early editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-I and DSM-II) and their emphasis on natural causes of mental illness. Key concepts like the imbalance of bodily fluids and categories of disorders are covered. Test your knowledge on the theories of abnormality as proposed in these landmark texts.

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