Drying Techniques and Vacuum Ranges

Diagnostic Systems in Medical Technology

• This course book covers diagnostic systems in medical technology, including reprocessing methods for medical products, medical technology diagnostics, various medical systems, and imaging techniques.
• Learning objectives cover diverse reprocessing methods for medical products, medical technology diagnostics, and related medical systems.
• The course explores cardiovascular, neurological, vascular, neurovascular, pulmonary functional diagnostics, biomedical optics, ophthalmologic measurement technology, and audiometry.
• Medical imaging techniques including ultrasound, X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear medical imaging are also discussed.

Unit 1: Medical Devices in Diagnostics and Reprocessing of Medical Devices

• Study Goals:
  • Classify medical device-based diagnostics within medical technology.
  • Identify diverse risks associated with diagnostic systems.
  • Explain the relevance and legal framework for reprocessing medical devices.
  • Categorize and explain common sterilization processes ("cleaning," "disinfection," and "sterilization").
  • Describe validation processes for medical device reprocessing.
• Introduction: Discusses the significant developments of medical technologies and devices in recent years, including digitization in medical technology and its benefits for healthcare professionals.
• Overview of Medical Devices in Diagnostics: Explores the history of medical devices and advancements, from X-rays and ECGs to more modern imaging like MRI and CT.
• Regulatory Requirements Related to the Reprocessing of Medical Devices: Outlines legal regimes, laws, regulations, and standards related to medical device reprocessing.

Unit 2: Cardiovascular and Neurological Functional Diagnostics

• Study Goals:
  • Explain the physiological and technical principles, along with medical indications of electrocardiography, blood pressure measurement, electroencephalography, electromyography, and electroneurography.
• Introduction: Defines "functional diagnostics," highlighting procedures in various medical specialties that measure the specific functions of an organ or system, including tests performed at rest or under stress.

Unit 3: Vascular, Neurovascular, and Pneumological Functional Diagnostics

• Study Goals:
  • Explain measurement principles and techniques used in vascular and neurovascular functional diagnostics.
  • Explain measurement principles, techniques, and analyses used in pulmonary functional diagnostics
  • Describe and indicate diagnostic applications of each technique.

Unit 4: Biomedical Optics, Ophthalmic Measurement Technology, and Audiometry

• Study Goals:
  • Explain the principles and applications of spectroscopic diagnostic methods.
  • Identify important blood and tissue sensors.
  • Study the methods used in ophthalmology.
  • Explain diagnostic procedures used in subjective and objective audiometry.
• Biomedical Optics (Biophotonics): Discusses techniques in biomedical optics using light, including absorption, elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, and fluorescence processes. This explains how light is used to penetrate tissue, and how properties of the light can be used for diagnosis and imaging.
• Ophthalmic Measurement Technology: Discusses optical properties of the eye like the cornea, lens, iris, pupil, vitreous body, retina, and choroid. Includes discussion on measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) which is used for an important part for diagnosing glaucoma.
• Audiometry: Describes subjective and objective audiometric techniques for evaluating hearing, including pure tone audiometry, and the psychological dimensions of associated sound perception issues.

Unit 5: Medical Imaging Systems 1

• Study Goals:
  • Identify the technical principles, medical areas of application, and advantages and limitations of ultrasound diagnostics.
  • Understand computed tomography (CT).
  • Discuss magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• Ultrasound Diagnostics: Details the principles of ultrasound, including the physical principles and characteristics of sound waves: wavelength, frequency, and amplitude. Also discusses A-mode and B-mode methods to display images. Discusses probe types (linear, curved/convex, phased) and their applications.
• Conventional X-Ray Diagnostics: Explaining the principles of X-ray imaging, including the X-ray emitter and its function, as well as techniques for image processing and display, like using solid-state detectors in place of traditional film. Also details the device for application, like the Bucky workstation.
• Computed Tomography (CT): Provides details about the technical principles and components of CT imaging like the X-ray tube, detectors. and gantry. Explain how the method allows higher resolution for soft tissues and the importance / use of iterative reconstruction algorithms and importance of the image processing and displaying the image data.

Unit 6: Medical Imaging Systems 2

• Study Goals:
  • Describe common techniques in nuclear medicine diagnostic imaging.
  • Explain the technical principles of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
  • Identify the advantages and limitations of endoscopy.
• Nuclear Medicine Imaging: Introduces the technical methods, like planar scintigraphy, SPECT, and PET, and the radioactive components (radiopharmaceuticals).
• Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): Describes the principles of acquiring CBCT images, including the pyramid-shaped X-ray beam and the flat panel detector used in the process.
• Endoscopy: Details the methods of endoscopy, including rigid and flexible scopes. Highlights the optical systems and light sources used, emphasizing the working channels for insertion of instruments for both diagnostic and therapeutic operations. Also discusses possible complications, like infection, bleeding or perforation.