Dry Cow Therapy and Dairy Terminology

Questions and Answers

What is the typical weight range of a Jersey cow?

800 to 900 kg

400 to 500 kg (correct)

200 to 300 kg

600 to 700 kg

Which color markings are characteristic of Ayrshire cows?

Gray and white

Red and white (correct)

Black and white

Brown and beige

What unique trait is associated with Guernsey milk?

Rich and flavorsome with a golden-yellow tinge (correct)

High water content

No protein

Low fat content

What is a characteristic of grazing or pasture operations?

Cows are brought to feed in the pasture. Signup and view all the answers

What type of housing is typically used for adult lactating cows?

Tie stalls/Stanchion Signup and view all the answers

Which feeding operation involves feeding grown or purchased feed to the cows?

Conventional operations Signup and view all the answers

What health benefit does raising calves in individual hutches provide?

Individual feeding Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feed type used in dairy operations?

Corn silage Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replacement dairy bulls?

For natural breeding or semen collection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Dry Cow Therapy?

To prevent or treat udder infections. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'voluntary waiting period' refer to?

Period before a cow is rebred after calving Signup and view all the answers

Which compartment of a ruminant's stomach serves as the site of microbial fermentation?

Rumen Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the term 'dry dairy cows'?

Female dairy cattle not currently producing milk. Signup and view all the answers

How long is the typical dry period for a dairy cow?

60 days Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines veal calves?

They are intended for meat production Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a teat sealant?

To prevent infection during the dry period Signup and view all the answers

What does 'extralabel' refer to in the context of veterinary medication?

Using a medication not according to the manufacturer's directions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'first-calf heifer'?

A heifer that has given birth to one calf. Signup and view all the answers

How much milk can a Holstein-Friesian cow produce on average per year?

22,530 pounds Signup and view all the answers

What defines a 'formula-fed calf'?

A calf raised exclusively on an all-liquid diet. Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Jersey cattle?

Small size with high butterfat milk Signup and view all the answers

What does the withdrawal period signify?

Duration milk cannot be sold after drug use Signup and view all the answers

What are 'fresh cows'?

Cows that have recently calved. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about 'pre-ruminant' animals?

Their rumen is not yet anatomically or functionally mature. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Free Stall housing for dairy cows?

Cows can move around freely between individual stalls. Signup and view all the answers

In which type of milking parlor are cows typically milked while standing at a 45-degree angle?

Herringbone (Fishbone) Parlor Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of the Rotary (Carousel) Parlor?

It provides more efficient and automated milking procedures. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a Tie Stall milking system?

Cows are milked while standing in individual stalls. Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of a Parallel Parlor?

Cows face the milker at a 90-degree angle. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dairy housing typically utilizes shade structures?

Dry Lot Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential practice for managing dairy cow health and profitability?

Keeping detailed records of milk production. Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of the Rotary (Carousel) Parlor system?

It may be more costly to set up compared to conventional systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first milk expressed after calving that is rich in antibodies called?

Colostrum Signup and view all the answers

Why is milk from fresh cows withheld from the bulk tank for approximately four days after calving?

To prevent colostrum contamination in milk for human consumption. Signup and view all the answers

For what duration is a cow typically milked during lactation before being dried off?

Ten months Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of segregating fresh cows after calving?

To monitor for complications and adjust care. Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as the period when a cow is not milked, ending before the next calf is born?

Dry period Signup and view all the answers

What is the key benefit of establishing control systems for farmers regarding drug administration?

To avoid drug residues in edible products. Signup and view all the answers

How often are cows typically milked on most dairies?

Two to three times a day Signup and view all the answers

What happens to milk production during the typical lactation cycle after it peaks two months post-calving?

It slowly decreases. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dry Cow Therapy

Intramammary antibiotics are administered at the start of the dry period to prevent or treat udder infections.
Aims to address active infections present during drying-off.

Dairy Terminology

Dry Dairy Cows: Mature females that are not currently milking, existing between lactations.
Dry Period: Approximately 60 days before calving; allows for weight gain and udder tissue regeneration.
Extralabel Use: Use of medication not according to manufacturer's guidelines, permissible only under a licensed veterinarian’s supervision.
First-Calf Heifer: A dairy heifer after calving for the first time.
Formula-Fed Calf: Calves raised on liquid diet until 16-18 weeks old; also referred to as milk-fed.
Fresh Cows: Cows that have recently given birth and are in early lactation.
Lactating Dairy Cows: Females currently producing milk, as opposed to those that are dry.

Veal Production

Milk Fed Veal: Bulls raised on milk replacer for approximately 16 weeks before slaughter.
Non-Formula Fed Veal: Calves weaned at about two months and transitioned to solid food.

Rumen Anatomy

The rumen is the largest compartment in a ruminant where microbial fermentation occurs for nutrient absorption.
Comprises four compartments: Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum.

Teat Sealant

Paste used post-dry cow treatment to seal the teat and prevent infection during the dry period.

Reproductive Management

Voluntary Waiting Period: A two to three month interval post-calving during which cows are not rebred.
Weaning: Transitioning calves from liquid diet to solid feed.
Withdrawal Period: Time required post-drug administration before animals can be sold or consumed.

Dairy Breeds

Holstein-Friesian: Highest milk production breed, averaging over 22,530 lbs annually; typically black and white.
Jersey: Small breed known for high butterfat milk; can produce over ten times their own body weight in milk.
Ayrshire: Red and white breed with a production capacity over 20,000 lbs/year.
Brown Swiss: Medium-sized with variable coat color; also produces significant milk quantities.
Guernsey: Hardy breed known for high-fat, protein-rich milk, often with a golden-yellow color.

Feeding Operations

Conventional Operations: Feed is sourced from the farm and provided to cows.
Grazing Operations: Cows graze in pasture and are fed indoors during bad weather.

Housing Types

Calves: Typically housed in individual pens or hutches to minimize disease transfer.
Adult Lactating Cows:
- Tie Stalls/Stanchion: Cows are restrained and milked in place.
- Free Stall: Cows can move freely between stalls.
- Dry Lot: Outdoor pens with shade structures.

Milking Techniques

Tie Stall/Parlor: Cows milked while standing.
Types of Milking Parlor:
- Side Opening (Tandem): Milked from the side, suited for smaller herds.
- Herringbone: Cows at a 45-degree angle, milked from the side.
- Parallel: Cows stand at a 90-degree angle, reducing walking distance for milkers.
- Rotary: Cows on a rotating platform, more automated and efficient for large herds.

Animal Identification and Record Keeping

Identification methods include ear tags, collars, leg bands, branding, and tattoos.
Essential to track drug use and avoid residues in milk.

Lactation Process

Begins immediately post-calving, with colostrum produced initially containing high antibodies and nutrients.
Fresh cows' milk is withheld from bulk tanks for several days to prevent colostrum sale.
After the voluntary waiting period, cows are bred again typically by AI.
Lactation lasts about ten months; milk production peaks around two months postpartum and then gradually declines.

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Description

Explore the essential concepts surrounding Dry Cow Therapy and various dairy terminology. This quiz covers key terms and practices related to managing dairy cows during their dry period, including antibiotic use and definitions of different types of cows. Perfect for dairy management students and professionals.