Drugs for Treatment of Ulcers
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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors?

  • They inhibit the final step of acid secretion by binding to the proton pump. (correct)
  • They increase gastrin production to enhance acidity.
  • They block histamine receptors on parietal cells.
  • They neutralize gastric acid by increasing bicarbonate secretion.

    • Which statement best describes the limitation of cimetidine?

  • It inhibits P450 enzymes, limiting its clinical use. (correct)
  • It has no significant interactions with other drugs.
  • It is a more effective acid secretion inhibitor than proton pump inhibitors.
  • It enhances the biotransformation of other drugs.

    • How do H2 antagonists, like cimetidine, compare to proton pump inhibitors in their effects on ulcer treatments?

  • Proton pump inhibitors reduce acid secretion significantly more than H2 antagonists. (correct)
  • H2 antagonists are more effective than proton pump inhibitors.
  • Both have the same efficacy in reducing acid secretion.
  • H2 antagonists only work at night while proton pump inhibitors work all day.

    • What are some common side effects associated with cimetidine and other H2 antagonists?

    <p>Cognitive impairment and gastrointestinal upset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does histamine play in acid secretion?

    <p>Histamine enhances acid secretion by acting on parietal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Decreasing gastric acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT commonly treated with proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Increased risk of gastrointestinal infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is least likely associated with proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Severe anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does histamine influence acid secretion?

    <p>It stimulates parietal cells to secrete more gastric acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients may experience adverse effects from proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>2-5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with chronic use of proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Increased risk for anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interaction can occur due to decreased gastric acid levels from proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Decreased absorption of digoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do H2 antagonists primarily differ from proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>H2 antagonists reduce acid secretion without directly affecting proton pumps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication would MOST likely be used for an NSAID-induced ulcer?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of H2 receptor antagonists in treating ulcers?

    <p>They block histamine stimulation of acid secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do proton pump inhibitors function in ulcer treatment?

    <p>They block the acid secretory process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the comparison of ulcer medications?

    <p>H2 antagonists are less effective than proton pump inhibitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is commonly associated with the use of aluminum hydroxide as an antacid?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does histamine play in the secretion of gastric acid?

    <p>It acts on H2 receptors to enhance acid secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antacid is absorbed into the body?

    <p>Sodium bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class directly inhibits acid secretion by blocking the proton pump?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect may result from the excessive use of sodium bicarbonate as an antacid?

    <p>Increased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mucous neck cells in the stomach?

    <p>They form a protective mucous layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is primarily used to treat excessive gastric acid secretion?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about histamine's role in acid secretion is accurate?

    <p>Histamine promotes acid secretion at night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have on the stomach lining?

    <p>They inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding muscarinic receptor antagonists?

    <p>They block acid secretion induced by the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is fast acting but offers short-term relief from gastric irritation?

    <p>Antacids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Drugs for Treatment of Ulcers

    • Acid Secretion in Stomach: Stomach acid is produced in response to food, distension, and CNS stimuli. Antral cells release gastrin, which stimulates enterochromaffin-like cells to secrete histamine. Histamine then stimulates parietal cells to release acid. Parietal cells also directly respond to gastrin.

    Controlling Acid Secretion

    • Active Process: Protons (H+) are transferred into the stomach, exchanging for potassium (K+). This happens through a proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase).
    • Acid Function: Acid converts pepsinogen to pepsin, an enzyme critical for protein digestion. However, too much acid can damage the stomach lining.

    Natural Defenses to Acid

    • Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES): Prevents acid reflux back into the esophagus.
    • Mucous Neck Cells: Secrete mucous, forming a protective layer on the stomach lining. They also secrete bicarbonate, which neutralizes acid.
    • Prostaglandins: Protect against ulcers by promoting mucus and bicarbonate secretion. NSAIDs block prostaglandin production, increasing ulcer risk.

    Drugs That Control Acid

    Antacids

    • Mechanism: Neutralize stomach acid.
    • Types: Alkaline substances like calcium, magnesium, and aluminum salts.
    • Fast Acting: Neutralization occurs within minutes.
    • Limited Duration: Relief generally lasts less than 2 hours.
    • Uses: Excess acid, overeating, drinking, and acute heartburn.
    • Systemic: Can be absorbed into the body (e.g., sodium bicarbonate).
    • Non-Systemic: Not absorbed (e.g., magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide); safer with systemic absorption as they are less likely to increase sodium levels.

    Histamine-2 (H2) Receptor Antagonists

    • Mechanism: Block histamine receptors on parietal cells, reducing stomach acid secretion.
    • Effectiveness: Suppress acid secretion by ~70%, generally more effective than other types, particularly at night.
    • Duration: Relief lasts for 1-2 hours but can last up to 12 hours.
    • Uses: Excess acid, peptic ulcer disease.

    Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

    • Mechanism: Block muscarinic receptors on parietal cells, reducing vagal nerve influence on acid secretion.
    • Efficacy: Effectiveness limited to 40%.
    • Use: Limited. Histamine and gastrin play significant roles in acid production.

    Proton Pump Inhibitors

    • Mechanism: Permanently bind to and block the proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase), preventing acid secretion.
    • Effectiveness: Very effective
    • Uses: Gastric ulcer disease, stress-related ulcers, and NSAID-induced ulcers.

    Clinical Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors

    • Treatment: Gastric ulcer disease, stress-related ulcers, NSAID-induced ulcers.

    • Adverse Effects: Diarrhea, headache, abdominal pain, muscle soreness. (Low frequency).

    Consequences of Decreasing Acid

    • Nutrients: Difficulty in absorbing certain nutrients (e.g., vitamin B12).
    • Bacterial Infections: Increased risk of certain bacterial infections (e.g., Salmonella, Shigella).
    • Drug Interactions: Reduced absorption of certain medications, such as cardiac glycosides.

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    Drugs for Treatment of Ulcers PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the mechanisms behind stomach acid secretion and the natural defenses the body employs against acid-related damage. You will learn about the role of gastrin, histamine, and various cells in the stomach lining. Test your knowledge on the drugs used for treating ulcers and how they interact with the digestive system.

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