Drugs for Lower Respiratory Disorders Unit 8.2
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Questions and Answers

What is the action of albuterol?

  • Dilates blood vessels in the lungs, improving blood flow.
  • Blocks acetylcholine receptors, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation.
  • Stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation. (correct)
  • Inhibits the release of leukotrienes, reducing inflammation in the lungs.

For what uses is albuterol prescribed?

  • Treat bacterial infections in the respiratory tract.
  • Reduce inflammation in the lungs by inhibiting the release of leukotrienes.
  • Prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm and maintenance treatment of asthma.
  • Treat bronchospasm, asthma, bronchitis, COPD. (correct)

What are some side effects of albuterol?

  • Cough, sore throat, dry mouth, nasal congestion, headache.
  • Dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, headache, constipation.
  • Tremors, anxious, nervous, sweating, insomnia, palpitations, hyper/hypo-tension, hyperglycemia. (correct)
  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain.

What is the action of tiotropium?

<p>Blocks acetylcholine receptors, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential side effects of tiotropium?

<p>Insomnia, dizzy, oral ulcerations, infection, cardiac dysrhythmias. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of fluticasone & salmeterol (Advair)?

<p>Combines a steroid for decreased inflammation and an adrenergic for bronchodilation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of montelukast?

<p>Inhibits the release of leukotrienes, reducing inflammation in the lungs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication is considered a rescue inhaler used for acute asthma attacks?

<p>Albuterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

When administering a bronchodilator and a glucocorticoid inhaler, which should be administered first?

<p>The bronchodilator should be administered first. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are uses of albuterol? (Select all that apply)

<p>COPD (A), Bronchitis (B), Rescue inhaler (C), Asthma (D), Treat bronchospasm (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are contraindications to albuterol use? (Select all that apply)

<p>Hyper/Hypo-thyroidism (A), Hypertension (B), Cardiac disease (C), Diabetes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of tiotropium?

<p>Maintenance treatment of bronchospasms associated with COPD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some side effects of tiotropium?

<p>Some side effects of tiotropium include insomnia, dizziness, oral ulcerations, infection and cardiac dysrhythmias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are contraindications or cautionary points for tiotropium use? (Select all that apply)

<p>Allergy (A), Glaucoma (B), Children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of fluticasone and salmeterol (Advair)?

<p>Advair combines a steroid, fluticasone, to reduce inflammation and an adrenergic, salmeterol, for bronchodilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Advair is a rescue inhaler.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some side effects of Advair?

<p>Advair has similar side effects as a steroid and an adrenergic drug, but they are not as severe because of the inhalation route versus systemic administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clients using Advair should rinse their mouth after use.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary uses of montelukast? (Select all that apply)

<p>Maintenance treatment of asthma (A), Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Montelukast can increase liver function tests.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nursing care intervention for a client taking a bronchodilator?

<p>Monitor the patient's vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, and assess for any changes in their condition. Administer medication as prescribed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a bronchodilator and a glucocorticoid inhaler are ordered together, which should be administered first?

<p>Bronchodilator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is most important for the nurse to assess the client for after receiving albuterol via nebulizer?

<p>Tremors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of albuterol?

<p>Albuterol is used to open the airways in the lungs, making it easier to breathe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of leukotriene modifiers?

<p>Suppress the release of histamine and other mediators from the mast cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a client to rinse their mouth after using a glucocorticoid inhaler?

<p>To help prevent oral fungal infections, also known as oral thrush.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a patient is experiencing an acute asthma attack, which drug is most appropriate to administer?

<p>Albuterol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Montelukast is used to treat acute asthma attacks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for administering a bronchodilator before a glucocorticoid inhaler?

<p>This allows the bronchodilator to open up breathing passages and maximize the absorption of the glucocorticoid into the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nursing interventions to teach a client taking a bronchodilator?

<p>Teach the client to monitor their blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate. Teach the client to inform their provider if they experience any changes in their condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a side effect associated with albuterol use?

<p>Bradycardia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a spacer when administering an inhaler?

<p>A spacer helps to reduce the deposit of medication in the mouth and throat, and allows for greater distribution of the drug in the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of monitoring a patient's vital signs after they receive albuterol?

<p>Vital sign monitoring is essential to ensure the client is responding well, is not experiencing side effects, and is safe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leukotriene modifiers are used to relax muscles in the airway.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate for a patient with a chronic respiratory condition?

<p>Teaching deep breathing and coughing techniques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bronchodilators (Adrenergics)

Drugs that relax bronchial muscles, increasing airflow by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs.

Albuterol

A common bronchodilator with rapid onset.

Bronchodilator - Adrenergic uses

Treat bronchospasm, asthma, bronchitis, and COPD. Often used as a rescue inhaler.

Albuterol Side Effects

May include tremors, anxiety, sweating, insomnia, palpitations, and changes in blood pressure/glucose.

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Bronchodilator Contraindications

Cardiac disease, hypertension, and hyper/hypothyroidism are among the contraindications for bronchodilators.

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Bronchodilator Interactions

May interact with other adrenergic drugs, increasing effects, and may decrease the effectiveness of antihypertensives or antidysrhythmics.

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Anticholinergics

Bronchodilators that relax the smooth muscle in the bronchi.

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Tiotropium

A common anticholinergic bronchodilator used for maintenance therapy in COPD and asthma.

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Anticholinergics (Tiotropium) Side Effects

Potential side effects include insomnia, dizziness, oral ulcers, infections, or cardiac abnormalities.

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Anticholinergics (Tiotropium) Contraindications

Avoid in clients with allergies or children, caution with glaucoma.

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Anticholinergics (Tiotropium) Interactions

Increased anticholinergic effects with other similar medications.

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Combination Bronchodilators

Drugs combining steroids (for inflammation) and adrenergic drugs (for bronchodilation).

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Fluticasone & Salmeterol

An example of a combination bronchodilator for maintenance therapy.

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Respiratory Inhaler Use - Powder

Medication delivered as a powder for inhaled use.

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Nursing Care - Assessment

Evaluating patient's medical history, vital signs, respiratory status, and hydration level before treatment.

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Nursing Care - Interventions

Monitoring vital signs, increasing fluids, checking for side effects, teaching about medications/prevention, counseling about anxiety measures

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Leukotriene receptor antagonist

Drugs that bind to leukotriene receptors, reducing inflammation and bronchoconstriction.

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Montelukast

An example of a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm.

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Montelukast Contraindications

Used cautiously with liver disease and in cases of severe asthma attacks

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Montelukast Interactions

May interact with anticoagulants and certain pain relievers (aspirin, ibuprofen) and may increase liver function tests.

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Montelukast Nursing Care - Assessment

Evaluating patient's medical, medication history, vital signs and lung sounds

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Montelukast Nursing care interventions

Monitoring vitals, respiratory status, hydration, and observing side effects; teaching about medication and prevention.

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Sequence of Inhaler Use

Bronchodilator inhaler first, followed by 5 minutes before a glucocorticoid inhaler.

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Bronchodilator Action

Drugs that relax the bronchial muscles, increasing airflow by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs.

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Tiotropium Side Effects

Potential side effects of tiotropium include insomnia, dizziness, oral ulcers, infections, or cardiac abnormalities.

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Tiotropium Contraindications

Tiotropium is contraindicated in clients with allergies or children. Use caution with glaucoma.

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Tiotropium Interactions

Tiotropium can increase anticholinergic effects when combined with other similar medications.

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What are Bronchodilators Used For?

Bronchodilators are used to relax airway muscles, opening up the airway, and improving airflow. This helps patients breathe easier, especially those with conditions like asthma and COPD.

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What is the Function of Albuterol?

Albuterol is a quick-acting bronchodilator that relaxes airway muscles, opening them up for easier breathing. It provides relief from symptoms like wheezing and tightness in the chest, especially during an asthma attack.

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Why are Anticholinergics Used?

Anticholinergics are bronchodilators that work by relaxing the airway muscles, reducing resistance to airflow. This helps to improve breathing in conditions like COPD and asthma.

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What is the Difference Between Albuterol and Tiotropium?

Albuterol is a fast-acting bronchodilator for immediate relief of breathing difficulties. Tiotropium is a long-acting bronchodilator for maintaining airway openness, typically used for COPD management.

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Why are Combination Bronchodilators Used?

Combination bronchodilators combine a steroid (to reduce inflammation) and an adrenergic drug (to relax airway muscles) for long-term asthma management. This double-action approach helps control symptoms and prevent attacks.

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What is the Main Difference Between Rescue Inhalers and Maintenance Inhalers?

Rescue inhalers like albuterol are used for immediate relief of breathing difficulties, while maintenance inhalers like tiotropium or combination bronchodilators are used long-term to control and prevent asthma attacks.

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Why is Rinsing the Mouth Important After Using a Glucocorticoid Inhaler?

Rinsing the mouth after using a glucocorticoid inhaler helps to prevent oral fungal infections, which can be a side effect of the medication.

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What is the Purpose of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists?

Leukotriene receptor antagonists block the action of leukotrienes, inflammatory chemicals that contribute to asthma symptoms. This helps to reduce inflammation and improve breathing in asthma patients.

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What is the Difference Between Montelukast and Albuterol?

Montelukast is a long-acting anti-inflammatory medication used to prevent asthma attacks. Albuterol is a quick-acting bronchodilator for immediate relief of breathing difficulties during an asthma attack.

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Study Notes

Drugs for Lower Respiratory Disorders

  • Bronchodilators - Adrenergic - Albuterol
    • Action: Stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, relaxing bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation. Has a rapid onset and longer duration than epinephrine, with fewer side effects.
    • Uses: Treatment of bronchospasm, asthma, bronchitis, and COPD. A rescue inhaler.
    • Examples of administration: Proventil (Albuterol Sulfate Inhalation Aerosol) and Albuterol Sulfate Inhalation Solution.
    • Side effects/adverse reactions: Tremors, anxiety, nervousness, sweating, insomnia, palpitations, hyper/hypo-tension, and hyperglycemia.
    • Contraindications: Cardiac disease, hypertension, hyper/hypo-thyroidism, and diabetes.
    • Interactions: Increased effects with other adrenergic/sympathomimetic drugs. Decreases the effects of antihypertensives and antidysrhythmics.

Bronchodilators - Anticholinergics - Tiotropium

  • Drug: Tiotropium
  • Uses: Maintenance treatment of bronchospasms associated with COPD and asthma.
  • Administration: Inhalation (dry-powder capsule inhaler); Maintenance inhaler
  • Action: Relaxes smooth muscle of the bronchi.
  • Side effects/adverse reactions: Insomnia, dizziness, oral ulcerations, infection, and cardiac dysrhythmias.
  • Contraindications: Allergy, children, and glaucoma.
  • Interactions: Increased anticholinergic effects with other similar drugs.

Bronchodilators - Combination Drugs - Fluticasone & Salmeterol (Advair)

  • Uses: For respiratory inhaler use (powder). Combines a steroid (fluticasone) to reduce inflammation and an adrenergic (salmeterol) for bronchodilation.
  • Not a rescue inhaler.
  • Side effects are similar to steroid and adrenergic inhalers but are less severe due to inhalation versus systemic absorption.
  • Must rinse mouth to prevent oral fungal infection.

Nursing Care for Bronchodilators

  • Assessment:
    • Medical/medication history
    • Baseline vital signs (O2 sat)
    • Lung sounds/respiratory status
    • Hydration status
  • Interventions/Teaching:
    • Monitor vital signs (VS) and look for secretions
    • Increase fluids to help thin secretions
    • Monitor for side effects/adverse reactions:
    • Teach client to monitor blood pressure and pulse.
    • Consult with health care professional before administering cold medications.
    • Discuss anxiety-reducing measures
    • Teach proper inhaler use (in care plan.)
    • Clients using beta-agonist inhalers should administer this 5 minutes earlier than administering other inhalers.

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist - Montelukast

  • Action: Binds with leukotriene receptors to reduce the inflammatory process and bronchoconstriction.
  • Uses: For prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm and maintenance treatment of asthma.
  • Contraindications: Severe asthma attack, caution with liver disease and suicidal thoughts.
  • Interactions: Can increase liver function tests, interactions with anticoagulants, aspirin, and ibuprofen.
  • Assessment: Medical/medication history, baseline vital signs, and lung assessment.
  • Interventions/Teaching/Important:
    • Monitor vital signs and breath sounds.
    • Observe for side effects/adverse reactions.
    • Increase fluids to thin secretions.
    • Monitor intake and output (I&O).
    • Do not take with anticoagulants, aspirin and ibuprofen.
    • Teach to stop smoking.
    • Teach proper use (preventing attacks).
    • Inform health care provider if shortness of breath increases.
    • Take medication every day at night (asthma symptoms are often worse at night) and include teaching when needed for exercising.

Practice Questions (Answers Included)

  • Practice Question #1: Administer the bronchodilator 5 minutes before glucocorticoid.
    • Rationale: Allows time for bronchodilation before glucocorticoid deposit deep into respiratory system
  • Practice Question #2: Tremors are a side effect of albuterol.
    • Rationale: Other side effects are tachycardia, hypertension and hyperglycemia.
  • Practice Question #3: Dilate the larger airways
    • Rationale: Albuterol is used to promote bronchodilation
  • Practice Question #4: Suppress the release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells.
    • Rationale: Leukotriene modifiers for asthma treatment.
  • Practice Question #5: Decrease risk of infection
    • Rationale: Rinsing mouth after glucocorticoids prevents oropharyngeal infections.
  • Practice Question #6: Albuterol
    • Rationale: Used in acute asthma attacks to treat bronchospasm and promote bronchodilation (rescue inhaler).

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Unit 8.2 Lower Respiratory Drugs PDF

Description

This quiz covers important information about bronchodilators such as adrenergics like Albuterol and anticholinergics like Tiotropium. You will explore their actions, uses, side effects, contraindications, and drug interactions. Test your knowledge on these vital medications used for treating respiratory conditions.

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